New parton-shower algorithm that exactly reproduces linearized EKT dynamics for jet thermalization including recoils, holes, quantum statistics and merging.
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Microscopic Models for Ultrarelativistic Heavy Ion Collisions
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abstract
In this paper, the concepts of microscopic transport theory are introduced and the features and shortcomings of the most commonly used ansatzes are discussed. In particular, the Ultrarelativistic Quantum Molecular Dynamics (UrQMD) transport model is described in great detail. Based on the same principles as QMD and RQMD, it incorporates a vastly extended collision term with full baryon-antibaryon symmetry, 55 baryon and 32 meson species. Isospin is explicitly treated for all hadrons. The range of applicability stretches from $E_{lab}< 100$ MeV/nucleon up to $E_{lab}> 200$ GeV/nucleon, allowing for a consistent calculation of excitation functions from the intermediate energy domain up to ultrarelativistic energies. The main physics topics under discussion are stopping, particle production and collective flow.
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representative citing papers
The pion emission source in Au+Au collisions is tilted with magnitude decreasing rapidly as collision energy rises from 7.7 to 27 GeV, indicating departure from longitudinal boost invariance.
K*0/K yield ratios in central Au+Au collisions at BES energies are suppressed relative to peripheral collisions and thermal predictions, indicating hadronic rescattering that strengthens at lower energies.
Extension of KoMPoST to (3+1)D non-boost-invariant pre-equilibrium dynamics via kinetic theory response functions, chained into a full McDIPPER+KoMPoST-3D+CLVisc+SMASH simulation chain to study sensitivity of longitudinal flow to hydrodynamic start time.
First measurements of mixed-order multiparticle cumulants of flow harmonics v2, v3, and v4 in XeXe collisions at 5.44 TeV compared to PbPb at 5.36 TeV show sensitivity to nuclear deformation and nonlinear hydrodynamic response.
First measurements of v_n (n=2-4) in 5.36 TeV O+O and Ne+Ne collisions show enhanced v2 in central neon collisions consistent with prolate nuclear deformation.
An energy scan of isobaric collisions provides a double-ratio method to measure electric charge transport rapidity dependence, with simulations showing exponential decrease and model-dependent slopes distinct from baryon transport.
A hybrid freeze-out model combining transport dynamics and thermal cluster production is proposed for light nuclei in intermediate-energy heavy-ion collisions.
Hypertriton yields and Lambda ratios increase at lower collision energies but remain a factor of two below thermal models, while the double ratio to triton production stays constant at 0.4, pointing to intrinsically lower coalescence probability.
Transformer models applied to simulated water-Cherenkov array data improve gamma-hadron separation and reconstruction of direction, core position, and energy compared to established techniques.
The work presents a dispersive fit for the refractive index of liquid argon incorporating anomalous dispersion and proposes jet drift in simulations of heavy-ion collisions as a way to disentangle medium properties from energy loss.
Mean transverse momentum fluctuations in baryon-rich matter are driven by energy and baryon density variations, remain robust to baryon diffusion, and show splitting between protons and antiprotons.
Species-resolved scaling functions for azimuthal anisotropy from iEBE-VISHNU simulations of Pb+Pb collisions collapse robustly across kinematics and species, enabling constraints on attenuation, collective expansion, and hadronic re-scattering via an energy-dependent baseline.
Bayesian posteriors from JETSCAPE jet-quenching model are largely compatible across centrality but exhibit shifts across beam energy and observable class, with varying ability to predict complementary datasets.
Multiplicity-dependent measurements of B_A for hyper-nuclei with extended wave functions like the hyper-triton in pp, pA, and AA collisions are predicted to show large differences between coalescence and thermal models.
New measurements of Lambda hyperon yields in 4.0A-4.5A GeV carbon-nucleus collisions at the Nuclotron are presented and compared with transport model predictions.
UrQMD model simulations of K* resonances in Ar+Sc collisions at SPS energies capture essential features but underpredict the strong suppression observed in central NA61/SHINE data.
Recent net-proton cumulant ratios from RHIC BES-II data are compared to non-critical models from Lattice QCD, HRG, hydrodynamics and UrQMD, with volume fluctuation effects noted at fixed-target energies.
The paper provides a detailed physics and user manual for the PYTHIA 8.3 Monte Carlo event generator used in high-energy physics.