A four-body decay of a new scalar via off-shell right-handed neutrinos generates sufficient CP asymmetry to explain the observed baryon asymmetry in two cosmological scenarios.
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Leptogenesis for Pedestrians
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abstract
During the process of thermal leptogenesis temperature decreases by about one order of magnitude while the baryon asymmetry is generated. We present an analytical description of this process so that the dependence on the neutrino mass parameters becomes transparent. In the case of maximal CP asymmetry all decay and scattering rates in the plasma are determined by the mass M_1 of the decaying heavy Majorana neutrino, the effective light neutrino mass tilde{m}_1 and the absolute mass scale bar{m} of the light neutrinos. In the mass range suggested by neutrino oscillations, m_{sol} \simeq 8*10^{-3} eV \lesssim \tilde{m}_1 \lesssim m_{atm} \simeq 5*10^{-2} eV, leptogenesis is dominated just by decays and inverse decays. The effect of all other scattering processes lies within the theoretical uncertainty of present calculations. The final baryon asymmetry is dominantly produced at a temperature T_B which can be about one order of magnitude below the heavy neutrino mass M_1. We also derive an analytical expression for the upper bound on the light neutrino masses implied by successful leptogenesis.
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hep-ph 22representative citing papers
Restricting CP violation in the low-scale type-I seesaw with three right-handed neutrinos to the Dirac phase δ alone yields specific testable subregions of heavy-neutrino flavor mixings and permits low-scale leptogenesis to generate the observed baryon asymmetry even for O(10^{-5}) deviations from C
Flavor projection effects in density-matrix equations permit misaligned asymmetry components from N2 and N3 to survive N1 washout in hierarchical seesaw leptogenesis, dividing parameter space into four regimes under low-energy neutrino constraints.
An explicit model generates the observed baryon asymmetry via annihilogenesis of right-handed neutrinos confined in false-vacuum pockets during a strong first-order phase transition, relaxing the usual light-neutrino-mass upper bound on the CP asymmetry.
36 viable non-holomorphic S'4 modular models for leptons are identified via numerical scans, with two yielding successful unflavored thermal leptogenesis from the real part of τ while fitting neutrino data.
A chiral U(1) gauge symmetry generates an accidental Peccei-Quinn symmetry broken by mirror QCD, solving the strong CP problem without a light axion while supplying WIMP dark matter, stochastic gravitational waves, and LHC-testable colored pNGBs.
A Z3-symmetric Type-III seesaw model uses radiative Coleman-Weinberg effects to lift vacuum degeneracy and annihilate domain walls, fitting neutrino data, generating baryon asymmetry via leptogenesis at 10^9 GeV triplet masses, and predicting detectable gravitational waves.
In a benchmark model with a baryon portal, resonant enhancement is required to efficiently sequester baryon number via bottom-quark decays, allowing the mesogenesis scenario to be fully tested or ruled out with 2-3 orders of magnitude better branching-ratio measurements.
The minimal majoron framework permits simultaneous majoron dark matter and thermal leptogenesis in a constrained cosmological window set by freeze-in production, warm dark matter bounds, and indirect detection limits.
Lepton parity stabilizes a Majorana fermion as freeze-in dark matter produced via right-handed neutrino or Higgs decays, yielding detectable gravitational waves or ΔN_eff depending on scalar couplings.
Certain inflation models produce right-handed neutrinos via gravitational effects sufficient for leptogenesis to explain the baryon asymmetry, testable by inflationary gravitational waves.
PBH-assisted leptogenesis produces a multi-peaked GW spectrum in the MHz-EHz range from RHN graviton bremsstrahlung plus PBH-related sources.
Inverse-seesaw U(1)_{B-L} model correlates leptogenesis, Majorana DM relic density, and neutrino masses with collider signatures in dilepton and single-lepton channels.
An additional scalar field dilutes gravitino freeze-in dark matter for matter-like equations of state, permitting larger reheating temperatures consistent with leptogenesis.
Majoron dark matter is viable for sub-MeV masses in high-scale seesaw models with thermal leptogenesis, produced via misalignment and cosmic strings in pre- and post-inflationary scenarios and constrained by CMB, X-ray, and gravitational wave observations.
ULYSSES v3 extends an open-source Python toolkit to numerically solve leptogenesis equations in resonant low-scale and high-scale regimes with updated interfaces and cross-checks.
In the minimal Majoron model the particle can explain all dark matter with mass below about 10 MeV from misalignment or freeze-in, and remains compatible with thermal leptogenesis when misalignment dominates or with mild tuning.
In supersymmetric DFSZ axion models, the LHC with 140 fb^{-1} can probe axion decay constants below 10^{11} GeV for higgsino masses under 1 TeV via displaced neutralino decays to axino LSPs.
Model-agnostic treatment of neutrino cross-section ratios degrades CP-violation sensitivity in DUNE and T2HK by 3-4σ, but prospective νSCOPE data restores most of it.
A non-thermally produced WIMP decays in an early matter-dominated universe to generate both baryon asymmetry and dark matter with collider-detectable masses.
SO(10)-inspired leptogenesis implies N2-leptogenesis, ruling out inverted neutrino ordering under strict conditions and enabling initial-condition-independent asymmetry in subsets of solutions.
Review classifies QCD axion models extending the standard mass-coupling window and updates bounds from cosmology, astrophysics, and experiments.
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