In dRGT massive gravity, static spherically symmetric black holes exhibit zero, one, or two photon spheres whose topological charges and stability patterns differ from Einstein gravity and from horizonless compact objects.
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The geometry of photon surfaces
Mixed citation behavior. Most common role is background (67%).
16
Pith papers citing it
Background
67% of classified citations
abstract
The photon sphere concept in Schwarzschild space-time is generalized to a definition of a photon surface in an arbitrary space-time. A photon sphere is then defined as an SO(3)xR-invariant photon surface in a static spherically symmetric space-time. It is proved, subject to an energy condition, that a black hole in any such space-time must be surrounded by a photon sphere. Conversely, subject to an energy condition, any photon sphere must surround a black hole, a naked singularity or more than a certain amount of matter. A second order evolution equation is obtained for the area of an SO(3)-invariant photon surface in a general non-static spherically symmetric space-time. Many examples are provided.
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representative citing papers
Exact static vacuum solution in Einstein-Aether theory parameterized by c14, with analytic extension showing naked singularities or wormhole geometries rather than black holes when c14 is nonzero.
In general LTB dust collapse the photon surface is a null hypersurface generated by outgoing radial null geodesics that reaches the central singularity if and only if the singularity is naked.
Analytic perturbative black hole solutions in dark photon models with minimal and higher-order magnetic dipole corrections to the Schwarzschild geometry.
An invariant function is derived whose zeros identify spherical photon orbits in Kerr spacetime, parameterized by an inclination angle, enabling invariant characterization of the photon region and constants of motion.
A reference-renormalized curvature-primitive Gauss-Bonnet formalism computes finite-distance weak deflection angles in static spherical spacetimes without invoking photon spheres.
Presents a curvature-based perturbative method for photon spheres, massive particle surfaces, and black hole shadows that handles mass variations and claims new results for the time-like case.
For a cubic-plus-quartic curvature EFT, photon-sphere and strong-lensing observables shift at first order in the couplings, but the impact-parameter formula is dimensionally wrong and the gravitational-wave QNM prediction is unproven.
Higher-curvature corrections induce polarization-dependent effective metrics for photons that shift photon spheres, alter eikonal quasinormal modes, and modify deflection angles in static spherically symmetric backgrounds.
Perturbative f(R,G) corrections shift the photon-sphere radius and shadow size, with the Gauss-Bonnet term dominating over mixed curvature contributions.
Derives the far-field light deflection angle for the Kerr-Sen black hole by constructing a refractive index that includes frame-dragging and compares the result to Kerr and Schwarzschild cases in general relativity.
Extends intrinsic curvature criteria for massive particle surfaces to stationary spacetimes and demonstrates application to black hole shadows in Kerr-family and Einstein-Maxwell-dilaton solutions.
A scalar-NED coupled black hole metric is reconstructed from an effective geometry, yielding EHT bounds on magnetic charge, Hawking-Page transition, and topological equivalence to the Reissner-Nordström solution.
In Kruglov NED, small positive q can create stable photon orbits and reshape black-hole shadows and accretion images even when the metric stays close to Reissner–Nordström.
citing papers explorer
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Topological charge and black hole photon spheres in massive gravity
In dRGT massive gravity, static spherically symmetric black holes exhibit zero, one, or two photon spheres whose topological charges and stability patterns differ from Einstein gravity and from horizonless compact objects.
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Revisit Static Aether: Exact Vacuum Solution in Einstein-Aether Theory and Its Analytic Extension
Exact static vacuum solution in Einstein-Aether theory parameterized by c14, with analytic extension showing naked singularities or wormhole geometries rather than black holes when c14 is nonzero.
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Photon surfaces extension in general spherical dust collapse
In general LTB dust collapse the photon surface is a null hypersurface generated by outgoing radial null geodesics that reaches the central singularity if and only if the singularity is naked.
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Black Hole Solutions in Dark Photon Models with Higher Order Corrections
Analytic perturbative black hole solutions in dark photon models with minimal and higher-order magnetic dipole corrections to the Schwarzschild geometry.
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A Complete Invariant Analysis of the Kerr Spacetime and its Photon Region
An invariant function is derived whose zeros identify spherical photon orbits in Kerr spacetime, parameterized by an inclination angle, enabling invariant characterization of the photon region and constants of motion.
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Reference-renormalized curvature-primitive Gauss-Bonnet formalism for finite-distance weak gravitational lensing in static spherical spacetimes
A reference-renormalized curvature-primitive Gauss-Bonnet formalism computes finite-distance weak deflection angles in static spherical spacetimes without invoking photon spheres.
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A perturbative geometric approach for photon spheres, massive particle surfaces and black hole shadows with mass variations
Presents a curvature-based perturbative method for photon spheres, massive particle surfaces, and black hole shadows that handles mass variations and claims new results for the time-like case.
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Photon Surfaces in Higher-Curvature Gravity: Implications for Quasinormal Modes and Gravitational Lensing
For a cubic-plus-quartic curvature EFT, photon-sphere and strong-lensing observables shift at first order in the couplings, but the impact-parameter formula is dimensionally wrong and the gravitational-wave QNM prediction is unproven.
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Polarization-Dependent Photon Propagation, Quasinormal Modes, and Gravitational Lensing in Higher-Curvature Effective Theories
Higher-curvature corrections induce polarization-dependent effective metrics for photons that shift photon spheres, alter eikonal quasinormal modes, and modify deflection angles in static spherically symmetric backgrounds.
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Photon Sphere and Shadow of a Perturbative Black Hole in $f(R,\mathcal{G})$ Gravity
Perturbative f(R,G) corrections shift the photon-sphere radius and shadow size, with the Gauss-Bonnet term dominating over mixed curvature contributions.
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Deflection of Light due to Kerr Sen Black Hole in Heterotic String Theory using Material Medium Approach
Derives the far-field light deflection angle for the Kerr-Sen black hole by constructing a refractive index that includes frame-dragging and compares the result to Kerr and Schwarzschild cases in general relativity.
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Massive particle surfaces and black hole shadows from intrinsic curvature
Extends intrinsic curvature criteria for massive particle surfaces to stationary spacetimes and demonstrates application to black hole shadows in Kerr-family and Einstein-Maxwell-dilaton solutions.
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Scalar-Electromagnetic Couplings as Source of Deformed Black Hole: From Shadows to Thermodynamic Topology
A scalar-NED coupled black hole metric is reconstructed from an effective geometry, yielding EHT bounds on magnetic charge, Hawking-Page transition, and topological equivalence to the Reissner-Nordström solution.
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Photon Propagation and Black Hole Imaging in Kruglov Nonlinear Electrodynamics
In Kruglov NED, small positive q can create stable photon orbits and reshape black-hole shadows and accretion images even when the metric stays close to Reissner–Nordström.
- Probing Effective Field Theory Corrections with Quasinormal Modes and Gravitational Lensing in Reissner-Nordstr\"om Black Holes
- Can finite-density QCD matter support a regular black hole core?