VEGA improves spatial reasoning in VLA models for robotics by aligning visual encoder features with 3D-supervised DINOv2 representations via a temporary projector and cosine similarity loss.
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Robopoint: A vision-language model for spatial affordance prediction for robotics
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representative citing papers
Fine-tuning multimodal models on a new synthetic spatial benchmark improves generative spatial compliance on real and synthetic tasks and transfers to better spatial understanding.
ReKep encodes robotic tasks as optimizable Python functions over 3D keypoints that are generated automatically from language and RGB-D input, enabling real-time hierarchical planning on single- and dual-arm platforms without task-specific data.
A task-oriented robotic system organizes heterogeneous planar objects on desks using perception-augmented datasets and environment-assisted manipulation primitives such as contact grasping, edge push-grasping, and levering.
PRTS pretrains VLA models with contrastive goal-conditioned RL to embed goal-reachability probabilities from offline data, yielding SOTA results on robotic benchmarks especially for long-horizon and novel instructions.
VLMs generalize affordance inference to non-humanoid robots but produce inconsistent results with a conservative bias of low false positives and high false negatives, especially for novel object manipulations.
State-of-the-art vision-language-action models catastrophically fail dynamic embodied reasoning due to lexical-kinematic shortcuts, behavioral inertia, and semantic feature collapse caused by architectural bottlenecks, as shown by the new BeTTER benchmark with real-world validation.
LAST augments MLLMs with a tool-abstraction sandbox and three-stage training to deliver around 20% gains on spatial reasoning tasks, outperforming closed-source models.
PALM improves long-horizon robotic manipulation success by distilling affordance representations for object interaction and predicting within-subtask progress in a VLA model.
MiMo-Embodied is a single foundation model that achieves state-of-the-art results on 17 embodied AI benchmarks and 12 autonomous driving benchmarks through multi-stage learning, curated data, and CoT/RL fine-tuning that produces positive cross-domain transfer.
LACY is a VLM framework jointly trained on L2A, A2L, and L2C tasks that uses an active augmentation cycle to self-improve robotic manipulation policies, reporting a 56.46% average success rate gain in simulation and real-world experiments.
InternVLA-M1 uses spatially guided pre-training on 2.3M examples followed by action post-training to deliver up to 17% gains on robot manipulation benchmarks and 20.6% on unseen objects.
DreamVLA uses dynamic-region-guided world knowledge prediction, block-wise attention to disentangle information types, and a diffusion transformer for actions, reaching 76.7% success on real robot tasks and 4.44 average length on CALVIN ABC-D.
This is the first survey on vision-language-action models, providing a taxonomy across three lines, plus summaries of datasets, simulators, benchmarks, challenges, and future directions in embodied AI.
A multi-agent LLM framework for humanoid loco-manipulation that separates active spatial perception and task planning from generalizable action generation without task-specific real-robot data.
X-Imitator is a bidirectional action-pose interaction framework for spatial-aware imitation learning that outperforms vanilla policies and explicit pose guidance on 24 simulated and 3 real-world robotic tasks.
ThinkAct introduces reinforced visual latent planning in a dual VLA system to enable better long-horizon reasoning and adaptation for embodied tasks.
citing papers explorer
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VEGA: Visual Encoder Grounding Alignment for Spatially-Aware Vision-Language-Action Models
VEGA improves spatial reasoning in VLA models for robotics by aligning visual encoder features with 3D-supervised DINOv2 representations via a temporary projector and cosine similarity loss.
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Exploring Spatial Intelligence from a Generative Perspective
Fine-tuning multimodal models on a new synthetic spatial benchmark improves generative spatial compliance on real and synthetic tasks and transfers to better spatial understanding.
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ReKep: Spatio-Temporal Reasoning of Relational Keypoint Constraints for Robotic Manipulation
ReKep encodes robotic tasks as optimizable Python functions over 3D keypoints that are generated automatically from language and RGB-D input, enabling real-time hierarchical planning on single- and dual-arm platforms without task-specific data.
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Robotic Desk Organization: A Multi-Primitive Approach to Manipulating Heterogeneous Objects via Environmental Constraints
A task-oriented robotic system organizes heterogeneous planar objects on desks using perception-augmented datasets and environment-assisted manipulation primitives such as contact grasping, edge push-grasping, and levering.
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PRTS: A Primitive Reasoning and Tasking System via Contrastive Representations
PRTS pretrains VLA models with contrastive goal-conditioned RL to embed goal-reachability probabilities from offline data, yielding SOTA results on robotic benchmarks especially for long-horizon and novel instructions.
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Assessing VLM-Driven Semantic-Affordance Inference for Non-Humanoid Robot Morphologies
VLMs generalize affordance inference to non-humanoid robots but produce inconsistent results with a conservative bias of low false positives and high false negatives, especially for novel object manipulations.
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Unmasking the Illusion of Embodied Reasoning in Vision-Language-Action Models
State-of-the-art vision-language-action models catastrophically fail dynamic embodied reasoning due to lexical-kinematic shortcuts, behavioral inertia, and semantic feature collapse caused by architectural bottlenecks, as shown by the new BeTTER benchmark with real-world validation.
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LAST: Leveraging Tools as Hints to Enhance Spatial Reasoning for Multimodal Large Language Models
LAST augments MLLMs with a tool-abstraction sandbox and three-stage training to deliver around 20% gains on spatial reasoning tasks, outperforming closed-source models.
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PALM: Progress-Aware Policy Learning via Affordance Reasoning for Long-Horizon Robotic Manipulation
PALM improves long-horizon robotic manipulation success by distilling affordance representations for object interaction and predicting within-subtask progress in a VLA model.
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MiMo-Embodied: X-Embodied Foundation Model Technical Report
MiMo-Embodied is a single foundation model that achieves state-of-the-art results on 17 embodied AI benchmarks and 12 autonomous driving benchmarks through multi-stage learning, curated data, and CoT/RL fine-tuning that produces positive cross-domain transfer.
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LACY: A Vision-Language Model-based Language-Action Cycle for Self-Improving Robotic Manipulation
LACY is a VLM framework jointly trained on L2A, A2L, and L2C tasks that uses an active augmentation cycle to self-improve robotic manipulation policies, reporting a 56.46% average success rate gain in simulation and real-world experiments.
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InternVLA-M1: A Spatially Guided Vision-Language-Action Framework for Generalist Robot Policy
InternVLA-M1 uses spatially guided pre-training on 2.3M examples followed by action post-training to deliver up to 17% gains on robot manipulation benchmarks and 20.6% on unseen objects.
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DreamVLA: A Vision-Language-Action Model Dreamed with Comprehensive World Knowledge
DreamVLA uses dynamic-region-guided world knowledge prediction, block-wise attention to disentangle information types, and a diffusion transformer for actions, reaching 76.7% success on real robot tasks and 4.44 average length on CALVIN ABC-D.
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A Survey on Vision-Language-Action Models for Embodied AI
This is the first survey on vision-language-action models, providing a taxonomy across three lines, plus summaries of datasets, simulators, benchmarks, challenges, and future directions in embodied AI.
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Humanoid Whole-Body Manipulation via Active Spatial Brain and Generalizable Action Cerebellum
A multi-agent LLM framework for humanoid loco-manipulation that separates active spatial perception and task planning from generalizable action generation without task-specific real-robot data.
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X-Imitator: Spatial-Aware Imitation Learning via Bidirectional Action-Pose Interaction
X-Imitator is a bidirectional action-pose interaction framework for spatial-aware imitation learning that outperforms vanilla policies and explicit pose guidance on 24 simulated and 3 real-world robotic tasks.
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ThinkAct: Vision-Language-Action Reasoning via Reinforced Visual Latent Planning
ThinkAct introduces reinforced visual latent planning in a dual VLA system to enable better long-horizon reasoning and adaptation for embodied tasks.
- AnySlot: Goal-Conditioned Vision-Language-Action Policies for Zero-Shot Slot-Level Placement