For the root-of-unity XXZ chain, non-commuting transfer matrices generate an explicit Onsager algebra and duality defects obeying Z_N Tambara–Yamagami fusion rules.
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Topological Defects on the Lattice I: The Ising model
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abstract
In this paper and its sequel, we construct topologically invariant defects in two-dimensional classical lattice models and quantum spin chains. We show how defect lines commute with the transfer matrix/Hamiltonian when they obey the defect commutation relations, cousins of the Yang-Baxter equation. These relations and their solutions can be extended to allow defect lines to branch and fuse, again with properties depending only on topology. In this part I, we focus on the simplest example, the Ising model. We define lattice spin-flip and duality defects and their branching, and prove they are topological. One useful consequence is a simple implementation of Kramers-Wannier duality on the torus and higher genus surfaces by using the fusion of duality defects. We use these topological defects to do simple calculations that yield exact properties of the conformal field theory describing the continuum limit. For example, the shift in momentum quantization with duality-twisted boundary conditions yields the conformal spin 1/16 of the chiral spin field. Even more strikingly, we derive the modular transformation matrices explicitly and exactly.
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representative citing papers
Constructs non-invertible duality defects for one-form symmetries in 3+1D by partial gauging, derives fusion rules, proves incompatibility with trivial gapped phases, and realizes explicitly in Maxwell theory and lattice models.
Chiral tube algebras unify chiral algebras and TDLs by acting on twisted defect spaces via local and non-local currents, with modules isomorphic to twisted modules of the parent algebras.
The physical reduced density matrix of a complete prefix in the Kramers-Wannier-defected critical Ising chain yields an ordered-limit excess entropy of (1/2)log 2 over the homogeneous chain, and the joint energy-translation character resolves the four Virasoro towers of the Ising duality-twisted…
Monte Carlo reconstruction via interpolating family and flat histograms computes the Z2-twisted thermodynamic Casimir difference in the critical 3D Ising model as 0.327(2).
A lattice duality defect in a folded Majorana chain yields a chiral fermion-parity defect that manifests as Andreev reflection upon mode recombination.
Introduces FTH as an extension of TH/SymTFT to type-I and type-II fracton orders, demonstrating boundary switches and dualities for X-cube and Haah's code via stabilizer formalism.
String order parameters in 1D gapped phases with invertible or non-invertible symmetries organize into Lagrangian algebras in the Drinfel'd centre via tensor-network module categories.
A new TIM/Ising conformal interface is identified with emergent W3 symmetry, yielding defect spectrum predictions for Rydberg atom experiments.
Any weakly integral fusion category admits a QCA-refined realization on tensor-product Hilbert spaces with QCA and symmetry indices fixed by the categorical data under defect assumptions.
Constructs non-invertible duality defects in (2+1)d QFTs from half-spacetime gauging of 2-group symmetries and derives explicit fusion rules with examples in U(1)^3 gauge theories.
A method is given to construct UV anyonic chain lattice models from SymTFT data realizing IR phases and transitions with non-invertible symmetries, illustrated with Rep(S3).
Higher gauging of 1-form symmetries on surfaces in 2+1d QFT yields condensation defects whose fusion rules involve 1+1d TQFTs and realizes every 0-form symmetry in TQFTs.
The Ising fusion category lattice model features a symmetric critical phase equivalent to the Ising model, a categorical ferromagnetic phase with threefold degeneracy, and a critical categorical antiferromagnetic phase with fourfold degeneracy described by an Ising CFT.
Twin phases share generalized charges under a symmetry, so direct transitions between them are intrinsically beyond-Landau deconfined quantum critical points without hidden symmetry breaking.
Imposing a duality-inspired fusion rule that forbids the [ε] sector from appearing in the [ε] × [ε] OPE yields numerical bounds on (Δ_σ, Δ_ε) that include the 2d Ising model but exclude the 3d Ising model.
Gauging and duality transformations are equivalent up to constant depth quantum circuits in one-dimensional quantum lattice models, demonstrated via matrix product operators.
Introduces tube-sector probabilities from the center of boundary tube algebras to give optimal one-shot distinguishability of quantum states under generalized symmetries.
Moments of the DSSYK transfer matrix equal an ASEP stationary-product state overlap, presented as analogous to the strange correlator in topological state-sum models.
Derives additivity and fusion rules for defect g-functions in integrable 2D QFT, with effective amplitudes for non-topological cases and lowered entropy contribution in Ising non-topological fusion.
Lattice realizations of topological defects in non-unitary 2D CFTs are built from modified RSOS models, yielding numerical results that match analytical predictions for spectra and RG flows.
A survey of non-invertible symmetries with constructions in the Ising model and applications to neutral pion decay and other systems.
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Lattice non-invertible symmetry from non-commuting transfer matrices
For the root-of-unity XXZ chain, non-commuting transfer matrices generate an explicit Onsager algebra and duality defects obeying Z_N Tambara–Yamagami fusion rules.
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Non-Invertible Duality Defects in 3+1 Dimensions
Constructs non-invertible duality defects for one-form symmetries in 3+1D by partial gauging, derives fusion rules, proves incompatibility with trivial gapped phases, and realizes explicitly in Maxwell theory and lattice models.
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Chiral Tube Algebras I: Topological Defect Lines, Twisted Modules, and Finite Gauging
Chiral tube algebras unify chiral algebras and TDLs by acting on twisted defect spaces via local and non-local currents, with modules isomorphic to twisted modules of the parent algebras.
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Physical reduced states and continuum characters of the lattice Kramers-Wannier defect
The physical reduced density matrix of a complete prefix in the Kramers-Wannier-defected critical Ising chain yields an ordered-limit excess entropy of (1/2)log 2 over the homogeneous chain, and the joint energy-translation character resolves the four Virasoro towers of the Ising duality-twisted…
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Monte Carlo reconstruction of symmetry-twisted partition function ratios: the critical 3D Ising
Monte Carlo reconstruction via interpolating family and flat histograms computes the Z2-twisted thermodynamic Casimir difference in the critical 3D Ising model as 0.327(2).
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Emergent Andreev Reflection from a Lattice Duality Defect
A lattice duality defect in a folded Majorana chain yields a chiral fermion-parity defect that manifests as Andreev reflection upon mode recombination.
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Fracton Topological Holography
Introduces FTH as an extension of TH/SymTFT to type-I and type-II fracton orders, demonstrating boundary switches and dualities for X-cube and Haah's code via stabilizer formalism.
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Algebras of order parameters in one-dimensional spin systems
String order parameters in 1D gapped phases with invertible or non-invertible symmetries organize into Lagrangian algebras in the Drinfel'd centre via tensor-network module categories.
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A new Ising/tricritical-Ising interface: From ${W}_3$ symmetry to Rydberg atoms
A new TIM/Ising conformal interface is identified with emergent W3 symmetry, yielding defect spectrum predictions for Rydberg atom experiments.
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Non-Invertible Symmetries on Tensor-Product Hilbert Spaces and Quantum Cellular Automata
Any weakly integral fusion category admits a QCA-refined realization on tensor-product Hilbert spaces with QCA and symmetry indices fixed by the categorical data under defect assumptions.
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Half-Spacetime Gauging of 2-Group Symmetry in 3d
Constructs non-invertible duality defects in (2+1)d QFTs from half-spacetime gauging of 2-group symmetries and derives explicit fusion rules with examples in U(1)^3 gauge theories.
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Lattice Models for Phases and Transitions with Non-Invertible Symmetries
A method is given to construct UV anyonic chain lattice models from SymTFT data realizing IR phases and transitions with non-invertible symmetries, illustrated with Rep(S3).
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Higher Gauging and Non-invertible Condensation Defects
Higher gauging of 1-form symmetries on surfaces in 2+1d QFT yields condensation defects whose fusion rules involve 1+1d TQFTs and realizes every 0-form symmetry in TQFTs.
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Symmetry breaking phases and transitions in an Ising fusion category lattice model
The Ising fusion category lattice model features a symmetric critical phase equivalent to the Ising model, a categorical ferromagnetic phase with threefold degeneracy, and a critical categorical antiferromagnetic phase with fourfold degeneracy described by an Ising CFT.
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Twin Phases: Intrinsic Deconfined Quantum Criticality
Twin phases share generalized charges under a symmetry, so direct transitions between them are intrinsically beyond-Landau deconfined quantum critical points without hidden symmetry breaking.
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Conformal Bootstrap with Duality-Inspired Fusion Rule
Imposing a duality-inspired fusion rule that forbids the [ε] sector from appearing in the [ε] × [ε] OPE yields numerical bounds on (Δ_σ, Δ_ε) that include the 2d Ising model but exclude the 3d Ising model.
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From gauging to duality in one-dimensional quantum lattice models
Gauging and duality transformations are equivalent up to constant depth quantum circuits in one-dimensional quantum lattice models, demonstrated via matrix product operators.
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Operational Tube-Sector Theory of Quantum State Distinguishability Under Generalized Symmetries
Introduces tube-sector probabilities from the center of boundary tube algebras to give optimal one-shot distinguishability of quantum states under generalized symmetries.
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ASEP/DSSYK duality and strange correlator
Moments of the DSSYK transfer matrix equal an ASEP stationary-product state overlap, presented as analogous to the strange correlator in topological state-sum models.
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Fusion of Integrable Defects and the Defect $g$-Function
Derives additivity and fusion rules for defect g-functions in integrable 2D QFT, with effective amplitudes for non-topological cases and lowered entropy contribution in Ising non-topological fusion.
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Lattice Topological Defects in Non-Unitary Conformal Field Theories
Lattice realizations of topological defects in non-unitary 2D CFTs are built from modified RSOS models, yielding numerical results that match analytical predictions for spectra and RG flows.
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What's Done Cannot Be Undone: TASI Lectures on Non-Invertible Symmetries
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Snowmass White Paper: Generalized Symmetries in Quantum Field Theory and Beyond
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