Quadratic WIMP-ALP coupling induces coherent freeze-out that allows WIMP annihilation cross sections up to 1000 times larger than standard while matching relic density, plus an ALP miracle where Planck-suppressed couplings naturally yield correct ALP dark matter abundance independent of initial mass
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Indirect Dark Matter Signatures in the Cosmic Dark Ages I. Generalizing the Bound on s-wave Dark Matter Annihilation from Planck
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abstract
Recent measurements of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) anisotropies by Planck provide a sensitive probe of dark matter annihilation during the cosmic dark ages, and specifically constrain the annihilation parameter $f_\mathrm{eff} \langle \sigma v \rangle/m_\chi$. Using new results (Paper II) for the ionization produced by particles injected at arbitrary energies, we calculate and provide $f_\mathrm{eff}$ values for photons and $e^+e^-$ pairs injected at keV-TeV energies; the $f_\mathrm{eff}$ value for any dark matter model can be obtained straightforwardly by weighting these results by the spectrum of annihilation products. This result allows the sensitive and robust constraints on dark matter annihilation presented by the Planck Collaboration to be applied to arbitrary dark matter models with $s$-wave annihilation. We demonstrate the validity of this approach using principal component analysis. As an example, we integrate over the spectrum of annihilation products for a range of Standard Model final states to determine the CMB bounds on these models as a function of dark matter mass, and demonstrate that the new limits generically exclude models proposed to explain the observed high-energy rise in the cosmic ray positron fraction. We make our results publicly available at http://nebel.rc.fas.harvard.edu/epsilon.
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representative citing papers
Dark pions stabilized by U(1) flavor symmetry in an SU(3)/SO(3) dark sector obtain the correct thermal relic density through up-scatterings to heavier mesons and dark eta decays, producing LHC signals from long-lived particle showers.
Empirical three-parameter fit to f_esc(M_h,z) yields steep redshift evolution with population-averaged escape fraction rising from ~2% at z=5 to ~9% at z=12.
Sub-GeV dark matter that interacts hadronically is ruled out for nucleon scattering cross sections above 10^{-36} cm² across the keV to 100 MeV mass range by combined cosmological and particle-decay constraints.
A scalar-mediated inelastic dark matter model with 100 eV splitting, Z2 symmetry forbidding elastic scattering, and a dimension-5 dipole operator reconciles dwarf galaxy observations with cosmological bounds via resonant enhancement and provides a distinct direct detection signal.
Non-thermal production via late-decaying reheatons can achieve the observed dark matter density for sexaquarks by controlling branching fractions and coalescence probabilities, unlike thermal freeze-out which underproduces them by many orders of magnitude.
A new model with SU(2)_D symmetry and vector-like muons mediates vector dark matter, simultaneously addressing relic abundance and muon g-2 while identifying an off-resonance suppression mechanism for light DM and deriving collider bounds.
Planck CMB data set upper limits on vector and axial-vector dark matter-electron couplings for masses 100 eV to 100 keV via energy injection from inelastic scattering and hydrogen absorption.
Future global 21-cm observations could beat CMB limits on TeV-scale decaying dark matter for lifetimes ≳10^15 s, especially for decays into neutrinos.
Dirac right-handed neutrinos in a U(1)_{B-L} Z' portal model produce observable ΔN_eff that, together with direct/indirect detection and collider bounds, carves out testable WIMP and FIMP dark-matter regions.
Precision study of dark sector phase transitions finds PTA-favored parameters near EFT breakdown with disfavored GW signals after higher-order corrections.
No monotonic reionization history fits Planck τ, patchy kSZ from SPT/ACT, and Lyα endpoint; an early ionization phase at z≳12 relaxes ∑mν<0.39 eV and shifts σ8 via As-τ degeneracy.
The micrOMEGAs dark-matter package now solves Boltzmann equations with user-defined expansion and entropy histories, adds sub-GeV hadronic annihilation, and updates CMB, dwarf-galaxy, LZ, and CMS constraints.
Interprets Super-Kamiokande antineutrino excess as s-wave annihilating dark matter with mass in the tens of MeV, predicting signals for JUNO.
A minimal electrophilic ALP portal for SIMP pion dark matter widens the allowed parameter space, making an ALP mass of order 10 MeV viable and consistent with the X17 anomaly.
Projects COSI and AMEGO-X sensitivities to sub-GeV DM in vector-scalar portals, finding COSI leading in some regions beyond CMB limits and AMEGO-X covering most continuum cases.
Lepton parity stabilizes a Majorana fermion dark matter candidate while an accidental Z2 symmetry in the scalar potential creates unstable domain walls whose decay produces observable gravitational waves.
In a dark-photon-mediated Dirac fermionic DM model, only narrow resonant regions with small dark-sector coupling allow the candidate to saturate the full relic density while evading current direct and indirect detection bounds.
The thesis presents a new 3-to-2 freezeout mechanism, bound-state effects on searches, a new axion interferometric search, reionization assessments, 21-cm constraints, and the DarkHistory code for ionization and thermal histories.
Collider experiments can strongly constrain p-wave-suppressed derivative operators and thereby limit reheating temperature, DM mass, and interaction scale needed to match observed DM abundance during reheating.
Updated constraints on two simplified dark matter models for the Galactic Center Excess leave unconstrained parameter space after applying recent multi-experiment data.
CMB data limits the s-wave annihilation cross section of thermal dark matter particles to ≲ 10^{-30} cm³/s scaled by PBH fraction and mass for PBHs heavier than ~10^{-10} solar masses.
DUNE's ND-LAr can probe sub-GeV inelastic dark matter parameter space consistent with relic abundance via dark Higgs-mediated annihilation, especially at large dark photon-to-DM mass ratios.
citing papers explorer
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WIMP Meets ALP: Coherent Freeze-Out of Dark Matter
Quadratic WIMP-ALP coupling induces coherent freeze-out that allows WIMP annihilation cross sections up to 1000 times larger than standard while matching relic density, plus an ALP miracle where Planck-suppressed couplings naturally yield correct ALP dark matter abundance independent of initial mass
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Dark Matter on a Slide
Dark pions stabilized by U(1) flavor symmetry in an SU(3)/SO(3) dark sector obtain the correct thermal relic density through up-scatterings to heavier mesons and dark eta decays, producing LHC signals from long-lived particle showers.
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Steep Redshift Evolution of the Ionizing Escape Fraction at $z = 5$--$12$: Empirical Constraints and Comparison with Simulations
Empirical three-parameter fit to f_esc(M_h,z) yields steep redshift evolution with population-averaged escape fraction rising from ~2% at z=5 to ~9% at z=12.
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Irreducible Constraints on Hadronically Interacting Sub-GeV Dark Matter
Sub-GeV dark matter that interacts hadronically is ruled out for nucleon scattering cross sections above 10^{-36} cm² across the keV to 100 MeV mass range by combined cosmological and particle-decay constraints.
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Scalar-Mediated Inelastic Dark Matter as a Solution to Small-Scale Structure Anomalies
A scalar-mediated inelastic dark matter model with 100 eV splitting, Z2 symmetry forbidding elastic scattering, and a dimension-5 dipole operator reconciles dwarf galaxy observations with cosmological bounds via resonant enhancement and provides a distinct direct detection signal.
-
Non-Thermal Production of Sexaquark Dark Matter
Non-thermal production via late-decaying reheatons can achieve the observed dark matter density for sexaquarks by controlling branching fractions and coalescence probabilities, unlike thermal freeze-out which underproduces them by many orders of magnitude.
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The Muonic Portal to Vector Dark Matter:connecting precision muon physics, cosmology, and colliders
A new model with SU(2)_D symmetry and vector-like muons mediates vector dark matter, simultaneously addressing relic abundance and muon g-2 while identifying an off-resonance suppression mechanism for light DM and deriving collider bounds.
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CMB Limits on the Absorption of Light Vector and Axial-Vector Dark Matter
Planck CMB data set upper limits on vector and axial-vector dark matter-electron couplings for masses 100 eV to 100 keV via energy injection from inelastic scattering and hydrogen absorption.
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Cosmological constraints on TeV-scale dark matter subcomponents decaying between recombination and reionisation
Future global 21-cm observations could beat CMB limits on TeV-scale decaying dark matter for lifetimes ≳10^15 s, especially for decays into neutrinos.
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$Z^\prime$ Portal Dark Matter with Observable $\Delta N_{\rm eff}$
Dirac right-handed neutrinos in a U(1)_{B-L} Z' portal model produce observable ΔN_eff that, together with direct/indirect detection and collider bounds, carves out testable WIMP and FIMP dark-matter regions.
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A critical look at low-scale cosmological phase transitions in the PTA era
Precision study of dark sector phase transitions finds PTA-favored parameters near EFT breakdown with disfavored GW signals after higher-order corrections.
-
A hidden reionization prior biases cosmological inference
No monotonic reionization history fits Planck τ, patchy kSZ from SPT/ACT, and Lyα endpoint; an early ionization phase at z≳12 relaxes ∑mν<0.39 eV and shifts σ8 via As-τ degeneracy.
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micrOMEGAs 7: Beyond standard cosmology
The micrOMEGAs dark-matter package now solves Boltzmann equations with user-defined expansion and entropy histories, adds sub-GeV hadronic annihilation, and updates CMB, dwarf-galaxy, LZ, and CMS constraints.
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Dark Matter Interpretation of the Super-Kamiokande Antineutrino Excess and Predictions for JUNO
Interprets Super-Kamiokande antineutrino excess as s-wave annihilating dark matter with mass in the tens of MeV, predicting signals for JUNO.
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Axion-Like Electrophilic Portal for Pion Dark Matter
A minimal electrophilic ALP portal for SIMP pion dark matter widens the allowed parameter space, making an ALP mass of order 10 MeV viable and consistent with the X17 anomaly.
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Constraining light dark matter in vector-scalar portals with COSI and AMEGO-X
Projects COSI and AMEGO-X sensitivities to sub-GeV DM in vector-scalar portals, finding COSI leading in some regions beyond CMB limits and AMEGO-X covering most continuum cases.
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Lepton parity dark matter and naturally unstable domain walls
Lepton parity stabilizes a Majorana fermion dark matter candidate while an accidental Z2 symmetry in the scalar potential creates unstable domain walls whose decay produces observable gravitational waves.
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GeV-scale thermal dark matter from dark photons: tightly constrained, yet allowed
In a dark-photon-mediated Dirac fermionic DM model, only narrow resonant regions with small dark-sector coupling allow the candidate to saturate the full relic density while evading current direct and indirect detection bounds.
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Dark Matter Energy Deposition and Production from the Table-Top to the Cosmos
The thesis presents a new 3-to-2 freezeout mechanism, bound-state effects on searches, a new axion interferometric search, reionization assessments, 21-cm constraints, and the DarkHistory code for ionization and thermal histories.
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From WIMP to FIMP during reheating: collider vs non-collider probes for p-wave annihilation
Collider experiments can strongly constrain p-wave-suppressed derivative operators and thereby limit reheating temperature, DM mass, and interaction scale needed to match observed DM abundance during reheating.
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Testing Viability of Benchmark Dark Matter Models for the Galactic Center Excess
Updated constraints on two simplified dark matter models for the Galactic Center Excess leave unconstrained parameter space after applying recent multi-experiment data.
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In-depth analysis of the clustering of dark matter particles around primordial black holes. Part III: CMB constraints
CMB data limits the s-wave annihilation cross section of thermal dark matter particles to ≲ 10^{-30} cm³/s scaled by PBH fraction and mass for PBHs heavier than ~10^{-10} solar masses.
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Probing inelastic sub-GeV dark matter at the DUNE near detector
DUNE's ND-LAr can probe sub-GeV inelastic dark matter parameter space consistent with relic abundance via dark Higgs-mediated annihilation, especially at large dark photon-to-DM mass ratios.