The OPCC observable is IRC finite and factorizes into the Sivers distribution plus a perturbatively calculable charge-weighted jet function, eliminating dependence on non-perturbative fragmentation functions via charge conservation.
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Energy Correlators: A Journey From Theory to Experiment
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abstract
Collider experiments offer a unique opportunity to explore the Standard Model (SM), and to search for new physics, new interactions, and new principles of nature. The theoretical abstraction of a collider, namely the study of correlations in asymptotic fluxes, provides one of the most basic examples of an observable in quantum field theory (QFT) and quantum gravity. Energy flux is described in QFT by energy flow operators, a particular example of light-ray operators. In addition to their central role in the theoretical description of collider physics, energy flow operators play an important role in diverse areas of formal QFT and gravity, providing a connection between real world collider phenomenology, and the deep underlying principles of QFT. Recently it has become possible to measure correlation functions of energy flow operators in a wide variety of collider experiments, providing an exciting new connection between collider physics and formal theory. In this review, we provide a survey of recent progress in our understanding of energy operators and their correlators, highlighting their importance in both formal theory and collider phenomenology, and in particular, their great potential for bridging these areas to provide new ways to understand the real world. We intend this article as a resource for both formal theorists interested in understanding how light-ray operators are being applied in particle and nuclear physics, as well as for experimentalists interested in the theoretical motivation for these observables. Most importantly, we aim to stimulate further interaction between the formal, phenomenological and experimental communities through the common lens of energy correlators.
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First measurement of energy correlators in jets from transversely polarized pp collisions at 200 GeV shows sizable spin asymmetries for pions that provide sensitivity to nucleon transversity with reduced fragmentation uncertainties.
A precise mapping from the world-sheet integral of the AdS Virasoro-Shapiro amplitude to the energy-energy correlator in strongly coupled N=4 SYM, with explicit flat-space and first curvature correction terms.
Axial anomalies realize in flux detectors as massless-limit collapse of angular distributions onto beam-collinear deltas while preserving the integrated anomaly sum rule, with the same mechanism for zilch and mixed gravitational channels.
First complete NLL calculations of projected energy correlators (up to 4-point) on tracks via factorization theorems and RG evolution, extending prior full-jet results.
First pQCD predictions for event isotropy distributions at LO, NLO, and NLL+NLO accuracy in e+e- collisions.
First measurement of two-point EEC in 20-80 GeV/c charged jets in p-Pb collisions shows modification relative to pp at the same energy, with enhancement at large angles and suppression at small angles in the 20-40 GeV/c range.
Charged energy correlators measured in jets at the LHC show like-sign pairs sensitive to parton shower models and unlike-sign pairs sensitive to hadronization, with charge-independent cold nuclear matter effects in p-Pb collisions.
Computes two-loop jet functions for N=4,5,6 projected energy correlators enabling NNLL collinear resummation matched to NLO in e+e- and Higgs-to-gluons processes, with non-perturbative corrections from two universal soft matrix elements.
Energy correlators can convert scaling violations into angular bump hunting for new physics, yielding projected competitive LHC sensitivity for a light hadrophilic Z'.
A new approach using near-side energy-energy correlators in dihadron fragmentation enables extraction of nucleon transversity PDF in collinear factorization without modeling intrinsic transverse momentum or dihadron resonances.
In large-Nc and harmonic oscillator limits, medium-induced splittings are computed analytically double-differential in z and θ, with an improved semi-hard approximation validated for high-energy partons.
Retarded correlators of bulk scalars and Wilson-line displacement operators exhibit bouncing singularities at t_c=β/2(1+i) with matching WKB and asymptotic OPE data, implying a universal high-frequency factorization.
Defines IR-finite amplitudes M_E that preserve analyticity and unitarity to derive positivity bounds on EFTs including electromagnetism and gravity in D=4.
Spin-dependent energy correlators in polarized DIS provide a new way to probe the proton's spin structure, with resummed predictions in current and target fragmentation regions.
The paper proposes that one-point energy correlators in transversely polarized proton-proton collisions access the nucleon's transversity distribution through a single-spin asymmetry with sin(φ_s - φ_n) angular dependence over a wider kinematic range than traditional transverse momentum measurements
Projections of four-point energy correlators cleanly separate spin from kinematic azimuthal correlations inside jets; spin effects are subdominant in accessible LHC kinematics.
A factorization-based method is outlined to derive energy-loss constraints on dark sector particles (spin 0 to 2) from ISR-modified lepton distributions in DIS, illustrated for MeV-GeV spin-0 cases at the EIC.
Defines an IRC-safe one-point charge correlator in DIS, relates it to a new nucleon charge correlator in the forward limit and to TMDs in the back-to-back limit, with SCET derivations verified in QCD to O(alpha_s^2) and resummations to NLL/N3LL.
Track functions exhibit model-dependent modifications to higher moments in heavy-ion jets, with RG flows qualitatively preserved, enabling discrimination between jet quenching pictures.
Derives Lindblad evolution for color dipole in QCD plasma and demonstrates quasi-factorization of Wigner distribution violated by color decoherence factor controlled by theta_qqbar/theta_c ratio.
A multi-stage CoLBT-hydro simulation with a 2 GeV medium scale reproduces the CMS in-jet EEC and predicts rank- and rapidity-gap-dependent modifications that encode path length and the diffusion wake.
Symmetry uniquely fixes finite-time Faddeev-Kulish dressings in QED and gravity so they reproduce classical memory, allowing recovery of first-order and higher-order gravitational memory in perturbative calculations.
Diagonalizing field operators before Pauli-string decomposition exponentially cuts circuit depth and Trotter errors in 2+1D scalar QFT simulations, with faster local-truncation convergence for Lorentzian energy-energy correlators than the Jordan-Lee-Preskill amplitude-basis method.
citing papers explorer
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Sivers Tomography from Charge and Angle Only
The OPCC observable is IRC finite and factorizes into the Sivers distribution plus a perturbatively calculable charge-weighted jet function, eliminating dependence on non-perturbative fragmentation functions via charge conservation.
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Energy Correlators Within Jets in Transversely Polarized Proton-Proton Collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 200$ GeV
First measurement of energy correlators in jets from transversely polarized pp collisions at 200 GeV shows sizable spin asymmetries for pions that provide sensitivity to nucleon transversity with reduced fragmentation uncertainties.
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Energy-Energy Correlator from the AdS Virasoro-Shapiro Amplitude
A precise mapping from the world-sheet integral of the AdS Virasoro-Shapiro amplitude to the energy-energy correlator in strongly coupled N=4 SYM, with explicit flat-space and first curvature correction terms.
-
Anomaly Realization in Charge-Flux Detector Correlators
Axial anomalies realize in flux detectors as massless-limit collapse of angular distributions onto beam-collinear deltas while preserving the integrated anomaly sum rule, with the same mechanism for zilch and mixed gravitational channels.
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Putting Jet Substructure on Track(s)
First complete NLL calculations of projected energy correlators (up to 4-point) on tracks via factorization theorems and RG evolution, extending prior full-jet results.
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Event isotropy in perturbative QCD
First pQCD predictions for event isotropy distributions at LO, NLO, and NLL+NLO accuracy in e+e- collisions.
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Energy-energy correlators in p-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}} = 5.02$ TeV
First measurement of two-point EEC in 20-80 GeV/c charged jets in p-Pb collisions shows modification relative to pp at the same energy, with enhancement at large angles and suppression at small angles in the 20-40 GeV/c range.
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Probing jet evolution with charged energy correlators in small systems
Charged energy correlators measured in jets at the LHC show like-sign pairs sensitive to parton shower models and unlike-sign pairs sensitive to hadronization, with charge-independent cold nuclear matter effects in p-Pb collisions.
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Projected Energy Correlators: Two-Loop Jet Functions and NNLL Resummation
Computes two-loop jet functions for N=4,5,6 projected energy correlators enabling NNLL collinear resummation matched to NLO in e+e- and Higgs-to-gluons processes, with non-perturbative corrections from two universal soft matrix elements.
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Bump Hunting Inside Jets with Energy Correlators
Energy correlators can convert scaling violations into angular bump hunting for new physics, yielding projected competitive LHC sensitivity for a light hadrophilic Z'.
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Simplified approach to extracting nucleon transversity in collinear factorization using near-side energy-energy correlators
A new approach using near-side energy-energy correlators in dihadron fragmentation enables extraction of nucleon transversity PDF in collinear factorization without modeling intrinsic transverse momentum or dihadron resonances.
-
Full energy fraction and angular dependence of medium-induced splittings in the large-$N_c$ limit
In large-Nc and harmonic oscillator limits, medium-induced splittings are computed analytically double-differential in z and θ, with an improved semi-hard approximation validated for high-energy partons.
-
Bouncing singularities and thermal correlators on line defects
Retarded correlators of bulk scalars and Wilson-line displacement operators exhibit bouncing singularities at t_c=β/2(1+i) with matching WKB and asymptotic OPE data, implying a universal high-frequency factorization.
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Positivity with Long-Range Interactions
Defines IR-finite amplitudes M_E that preserve analyticity and unitarity to derive positivity bounds on EFTs including electromagnetism and gravity in D=4.
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Energy Correlators Resolving Proton Spin
Spin-dependent energy correlators in polarized DIS provide a new way to probe the proton's spin structure, with resummed predictions in current and target fragmentation regions.
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Accessing nucleon transversity with one-point energy correlators
The paper proposes that one-point energy correlators in transversely polarized proton-proton collisions access the nucleon's transversity distribution through a single-spin asymmetry with sin(φ_s - φ_n) angular dependence over a wider kinematic range than traditional transverse momentum measurements
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Dissecting Parton Showers with Multi-Point Energy Correlators
Projections of four-point energy correlators cleanly separate spin from kinematic azimuthal correlations inside jets; spin effects are subdominant in accessible LHC kinematics.
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New Energy-Loss Constraints on Dark Sectors from Deeply Inelastic Scattering with Initial State Radiation
A factorization-based method is outlined to derive energy-loss constraints on dark sector particles (spin 0 to 2) from ISR-modified lepton distributions in DIS, illustrated for MeV-GeV spin-0 cases at the EIC.
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The one-point charge correlator in deep inelastic scattering
Defines an IRC-safe one-point charge correlator in DIS, relates it to a new nucleon charge correlator in the forward limit and to TMDs in the back-to-back limit, with SCET derivations verified in QCD to O(alpha_s^2) and resummations to NLL/N3LL.
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Mapping jet substructure in heavy-ion collisions with track functions
Track functions exhibit model-dependent modifications to higher moments in heavy-ion jets, with RG flows qualitatively preserved, enabling discrimination between jet quenching pictures.
-
Open quantum system approach to the transverse momentum broadening of a colour dipole
Derives Lindblad evolution for color dipole in QCD plasma and demonstrates quasi-factorization of Wigner distribution violated by color decoherence factor controlled by theta_qqbar/theta_c ratio.
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Energy-energy correlators inside single inclusive jets in heavy-ion collisions with CoLBT-hydro model
A multi-stage CoLBT-hydro simulation with a 2 GeV medium scale reproduces the CMS in-jet EEC and predicts rank- and rapidity-gap-dependent modifications that encode path length and the diffusion wake.
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Finite-time memory detectors and fully constraining Faddeev-Kulish dressings in QED and gravity
Symmetry uniquely fixes finite-time Faddeev-Kulish dressings in QED and gravity so they reproduce classical memory, allowing recovery of first-order and higher-order gravitational memory in perturbative calculations.
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Exponentially improved quantum simulation of scalar QFT
Diagonalizing field operators before Pauli-string decomposition exponentially cuts circuit depth and Trotter errors in 2+1D scalar QFT simulations, with faster local-truncation convergence for Lorentzian energy-energy correlators than the Jordan-Lee-Preskill amplitude-basis method.
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Upgrading Extremal Flows in the Space of Derivatives
A prototype successfully upgrades low-order extremal flow solutions to high numerical order for gap maximization in a simple spinning modular bootstrap test case.
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Hydrodynamics and Energy Correlators
Energy-energy correlators in heavy-ion collisions exhibit classical hydrodynamic scaling from collective flow at large angles within the small-angle regime, collective modes at smaller angles, and light-ray OPE at even smaller angles.
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Asymptotic charges as detectors and the memory effect in massive QED and perturbative quantum gravity
Faddeev-Kulish dressings correctly encode the memory effect in in and out Fock spaces for massive QED and perturbative quantum gravity, with physical contributions to memory eigenvalues from the dressings.
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Operator structure of power corrections and anomalous scaling in energy correlators
Linear power corrections in energy correlators have a universal anomalous scaling because the dijet operator must be combined with a triple-jet component at one-loop order.
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Transverse-spin dependent energy-energy correlators in proton-proton collisions within the dihadron fragmentation framework
Numerical predictions for transverse-spin dependent energy-energy correlators in polarized pp collisions agree with recent STAR data and show a slight preference for transversity extractions consistent with lattice QCD.
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On Perturbatively Dressed Observables
Perturbative dressing of local operators in QED and GR induces kinematic singularities and is mathematically equivalent to dynamical temporal gauge fixing.
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Novel analysis for the energy-energy correlation in electron-positron annihilation in the perturbative domain
PMC application to EEC yields a dynamically varying renormalization scale and improved agreement with experimental data in the perturbative domain.
- Looking inside jets: an introduction to jet substructure and boosted-object phenomenology