Coupling domain wall networks to dynamical expansion shows the scaling attractor is lost, leading to wall-dominated frustration.
Imprint of domain wall annihilation on induced gravitational waves
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abstract
Domain wall annihilation can leave a distinctive imprint on the induced gravitational wave spectrum. During annihilation, most of the domain wall energy transforms into the scalar field responsible for the initial $\mathbb{Z}_2$ symmetry breaking that created the walls, along with any coupled species. If the produced scalar is sufficiently long-lived, its delayed decay drives an early matter-dominated phase following domain wall annihilation, significantly amplifying induced gravitational waves from primordial perturbations. The subsequent transition to radiation domination dilutes the domain wall contribution through entropy injection while preserving the enhanced induced signal. This creates a gravitational wave spectrum with two distinct peaks detectable across complementary frequency bands. We explore the observable parameter space and demonstrate how multi-band detection can probe early universe symmetry breaking.
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Derives dynamical criterion for biased domain wall formation by evaluating p_fv at freeze-out temperature T_fo, producing stricter condition than conventional static threshold and consistency condition T_fo > T_ann.
Domain wall annihilation imprints a two-peaked spectrum on induced gravitational waves via an early matter-dominated phase and entropy dilution.
A Z3-symmetric Type-III seesaw model uses radiative Coleman-Weinberg effects to lift vacuum degeneracy and annihilate domain walls, fitting neutrino data, generating baryon asymmetry via leptogenesis at 10^9 GeV triplet masses, and predicting detectable gravitational waves.
Gravitino masses in the 100 TeV to 10^10 TeV range can be inferred from two frequency features in the stochastic gravitational wave spectrum produced by an early matter-dominated phase.
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Loss of the Scaling Attractor in Self-Gravitating Domain Wall Networks
Coupling domain wall networks to dynamical expansion shows the scaling attractor is lost, leading to wall-dominated frustration.