The OPCC observable is IRC finite and factorizes into the Sivers distribution plus a perturbatively calculable charge-weighted jet function, eliminating dependence on non-perturbative fragmentation functions via charge conservation.
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abstract
This handbook provides a comprehensive review of transverse-momentum-dependent parton distribution functions and fragmentation functions, commonly referred to as transverse momentum distributions (TMDs). TMDs describe the distribution of partons inside the proton and other hadrons with respect to both their longitudinal and transverse momenta. They provide unique insight into the internal momentum and spin structure of hadrons, and are a key ingredient in the description of many collider physics cross sections. Understanding TMDs requires a combination of theoretical techniques from quantum field theory, nonperturbative calculations using lattice QCD, and phenomenological analysis of experimental data. The handbook covers a wide range of topics, from theoretical foundations to experimental analyses, as well as recent developments and future directions. It is intended to provide an essential reference for researchers and graduate students interested in understanding the structure of hadrons and the dynamics of partons in high energy collisions.
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representative citing papers
Single inclusive high-PT hadron and jet production in lepton-hadron scattering is factorized using a joint QCD+QED approach with universal lepton distribution functions, and predictions are given for JLab and EIC energies.
Computes NLO matching of QCD currents to power-suppressed two- and three-particle two-jet operators in SCET up to O(λ²), with endpoint factorization relations shown.
Factorizes NRQCD production matrix elements for S- and P-wave quarkonia into wavefunctions and universal chromo-electric/magnetic gluon correlators via hybrid vNRQCD/pNRQCD and Hubbard-Stratonovich transformation at leading velocity order.
In gauge-free quark models, quasi-PDFs converge to PDFs with proven sum rules, and the Covariant Parton Model supplies closed-form small-x results that match a Wandzura-Wilczek approximation for the quark energy-momentum tensor form factor.
Tree-level and one-loop collinear matching relations are computed for leading-power gluon TMD PDFs, yielding the first Wandzura-Wilczek approximation for the gluon worm-gear T distribution along with a closed-form mass correction series.
A group-theoretic construction yields complete form factor bases for scalar, vector, and tensor operators on spin-1/2 to spin-2 particles, with new P and T structures for higher spins and identification of a redundant conserved structure for spin-2 in existing literature.
The paper proposes that one-point energy correlators in transversely polarized proton-proton collisions access the nucleon's transversity distribution through a single-spin asymmetry with sin(φ_s - φ_n) angular dependence over a wider kinematic range than traditional transverse momentum measurements
SCET with Glauber operators factorizes elastic/single/double diffractive pp scattering, proving non-universality of hadronic functions versus ep while rapidity anomalous dimensions remain universal.
Quantum algorithm for GPDs in Schwinger model using Wilson fermions, with polynomial resource scaling and exact-diagonalization benchmarks matching theory.
Derives Lindblad evolution for color dipole in QCD plasma and demonstrates quasi-factorization of Wigner distribution violated by color decoherence factor controlled by theta_qqbar/theta_c ratio.
An AI-assisted Bayesian framework extracts TMD PDFs from global Drell-Yan data using surrogate models for scalable MCMC sampling.
Analytical expressions for quark gravitational TMDs are derived in the LFQDM, verified against standard TMD relations, and linked to transverse pressure and shear-force distributions.
In unquenched scalar Yukawa theory, parton entanglement entropy encodes quantum information that cannot be reduced to Shannon entropy of parton distributions.
Global QCD analysis extracts genuine twist-three PDFs from g2, d2 and SIDIS asymmetries, confirming their universality and factorization validity.
One-loop quark TMD calculation in projectile light-cone gauge produces CSS evolution equations whose rapidity structure is compared to the target gauge result.
Replacing the rapidity argument of the dipole amplitude with ln min{1/|x|, 1/|ξ|} and refining initial conditions for non-linear evolution can eliminate two R-factors in small-x shockwave calculations.
SemiCharmTag rejects charm-semileptonic muon background under LHCb dimuon Drell–Yan by secondary-vertex tagging with a hadron track, improving S/B by ~4 at 81% signal efficiency in simulation.
Kinematically enhanced nucleon interpolators improve precision of renormalized quark matrix elements by an order of magnitude at 2.5 GeV with no observed lattice spacing dependence on CLS ensembles.
A new ansatz AMA25 for GPDs achieves lower reduced chi-squared fits to nucleon form factor data and better satisfies theoretical constraints than the prior GSAMA24 model.
In the bag model, GTMD calculations are consistent, orbital angular momentum is tied to F_{1,4}^q through the Ji sum rule, and a deeper link to pretzelosity TMD is established.
Pion valence quark PDFs from the light-cone quark model are evolved with DGLAP and shown to match experimental data, enabling first NLO F2 predictions and Drell-Yan cross-section estimates.
Lattice QCD now delivers high-precision results on hadron internal structure that directly support the scientific program of the Electron-Ion Collider.
QCD collinear factorization, DGLAP evolution, and QT resummation, developed via DIS and Drell-Yan, form the calculational foundation for precision electroweak observables and new-physics searches.
citing papers explorer
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Sivers Tomography from Charge and Angle Only
The OPCC observable is IRC finite and factorizes into the Sivers distribution plus a perturbatively calculable charge-weighted jet function, eliminating dependence on non-perturbative fragmentation functions via charge conservation.
-
Single inclusive hadron and jet production in lepton-hadron scattering
Single inclusive high-PT hadron and jet production in lepton-hadron scattering is factorized using a joint QCD+QED approach with universal lepton distribution functions, and predictions are given for JLab and EIC energies.
-
One-loop matching of QCD currents to power-suppressed two-jet operators
Computes NLO matching of QCD currents to power-suppressed two- and three-particle two-jet operators in SCET up to O(λ²), with endpoint factorization relations shown.
-
Factorizing quarkonium production matrix elements using effective field theory
Factorizes NRQCD production matrix elements for S- and P-wave quarkonia into wavefunctions and universal chromo-electric/magnetic gluon correlators via hybrid vNRQCD/pNRQCD and Hubbard-Stratonovich transformation at leading velocity order.
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Quasi Parton Distribution Functions in Covariant Quark Models
In gauge-free quark models, quasi-PDFs converge to PDFs with proven sum rules, and the Covariant Parton Model supplies closed-form small-x results that match a Wandzura-Wilczek approximation for the quark energy-momentum tensor form factor.
-
Collinear matching for leading power gluon transverse momentum distributions
Tree-level and one-loop collinear matching relations are computed for leading-power gluon TMD PDFs, yielding the first Wandzura-Wilczek approximation for the gluon worm-gear T distribution along with a closed-form mass correction series.
-
Covariant Construction of Generalized Form Factors
A group-theoretic construction yields complete form factor bases for scalar, vector, and tensor operators on spin-1/2 to spin-2 particles, with new P and T structures for higher spins and identification of a redundant conserved structure for spin-2 in existing literature.
-
Accessing nucleon transversity with one-point energy correlators
The paper proposes that one-point energy correlators in transversely polarized proton-proton collisions access the nucleon's transversity distribution through a single-spin asymmetry with sin(φ_s - φ_n) angular dependence over a wider kinematic range than traditional transverse momentum measurements
-
Factorization of elastic, single, and double diffractive $pp$ scattering
SCET with Glauber operators factorizes elastic/single/double diffractive pp scattering, proving non-universality of hadronic functions versus ep while rapidity anomalous dimensions remain universal.
-
Quantum Simulation of Generalized Parton Distributions in the Schwinger Model
Quantum algorithm for GPDs in Schwinger model using Wilson fermions, with polynomial resource scaling and exact-diagonalization benchmarks matching theory.
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Open quantum system approach to the transverse momentum broadening of a colour dipole
Derives Lindblad evolution for color dipole in QCD plasma and demonstrates quasi-factorization of Wigner distribution violated by color decoherence factor controlled by theta_qqbar/theta_c ratio.
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AI-assisted modeling and Bayesian inference of unpolarized quark transverse momentum distributions from Drell-Yan data
An AI-assisted Bayesian framework extracts TMD PDFs from global Drell-Yan data using surrogate models for scalable MCMC sampling.
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Gravitational transverse momentum distribution of proton
Analytical expressions for quark gravitational TMDs are derived in the LFQDM, verified against standard TMD relations, and linked to transverse pressure and shear-force distributions.
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Quantum entanglement between partons in a strongly coupled quantum field theory
In unquenched scalar Yukawa theory, parton entanglement entropy encodes quantum information that cannot be reduced to Shannon entropy of parton distributions.
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Phenomenology of genuine twist-three distributions from a global QCD analysis
Global QCD analysis extracts genuine twist-three PDFs from g2, d2 and SIDIS asymmetries, confirming their universality and factorization validity.
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From target to projectile: CSS evolution of quark TMD in different light-cone gauges
One-loop quark TMD calculation in projectile light-cone gauge produces CSS evolution equations whose rapidity structure is compared to the target gauge result.
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On the Two $R$-Factors in the Small-$x$ Shockwave Formalism
Replacing the rapidity argument of the dipole amplitude with ln min{1/|x|, 1/|ξ|} and refining initial conditions for non-linear evolution can eliminate two R-factors in small-x shockwave calculations.
-
SemiCharmTag: a tool for Semileptonic Charm tagging
SemiCharmTag rejects charm-semileptonic muon background under LHCb dimuon Drell–Yan by secondary-vertex tagging with a hadron track, improving S/B by ~4 at 81% signal efficiency in simulation.
-
Kinematic enhancement for nucleon interpolators
Kinematically enhanced nucleon interpolators improve precision of renormalized quark matrix elements by an order of magnitude at 2.5 GeV with no observed lattice spacing dependence on CLS ensembles.
-
New analysis for Nucleon Form Factors from GPDs
A new ansatz AMA25 for GPDs achieves lower reduced chi-squared fits to nucleon form factor data and better satisfies theoretical constraints than the prior GSAMA24 model.
-
GTMDs, orbital angular momentum, and pretzelosity
In the bag model, GTMD calculations are consistent, orbital angular momentum is tied to F_{1,4}^q through the Ji sum rule, and a deeper link to pretzelosity TMD is established.
-
Pion Parton Distribution Functions in the Light-Cone Quark Model and Experimental Constraints
Pion valence quark PDFs from the light-cone quark model are evolved with DGLAP and shown to match experimental data, enabling first NLO F2 predictions and Drell-Yan cross-section estimates.
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Hadron Structure from lattice QCD in the context of the Electron-Ion Collider
Lattice QCD now delivers high-precision results on hadron internal structure that directly support the scientific program of the Electron-Ion Collider.
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QCD for electroweak precision measurements: Foundations
QCD collinear factorization, DGLAP evolution, and QT resummation, developed via DIS and Drell-Yan, form the calculational foundation for precision electroweak observables and new-physics searches.
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Precision QCD with the Electron-Ion Collider
A workshop summary report outlines discussion topics in perturbative QCD, nuclear structure, and related techniques for the upcoming Electron-Ion Collider.
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Introduction to transverse momentum imaging
The notes provide an introduction to transverse momentum dependent distributions and their use in imaging hadrons, complementing lectures at several graduate schools.