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SpatialCoT: Advancing Spatial Reasoning through Coordinate Alignment and Chain-of-Thought for Embodied Task Planning

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arxiv 2501.10074 v3 pith:RRTYS6VW submitted 2025-01-17 cs.RO cs.AIcs.CV

SpatialCoT: Advancing Spatial Reasoning through Coordinate Alignment and Chain-of-Thought for Embodied Task Planning

classification cs.RO cs.AIcs.CV
keywords spatialreasoningtaskscapabilitiesembodiedspatialcotalignmentapproach
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal T4 reserved
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Spatial reasoning is an essential problem in embodied AI research. Efforts to enhance spatial reasoning abilities through supplementary spatial data and fine-tuning have proven limited and ineffective when addressing complex embodied tasks, largely due to their dependence on language-based outputs. While some approaches have introduced a point-based action space to mitigate this issue, they fall short in managing more intricate tasks within complex environments. This deficiency arises from their failure to fully exploit the inherent thinking and reasoning capabilities that are fundamental strengths of Vision-Language Models (VLMs). To address these limitations, we propose a novel approach named SpatialCoT, specifically designed to bolster the spatial reasoning capabilities of VLMs. Our approach comprises two stages: spatial coordinate bi-directional alignment, which aligns vision-language inputs with spatial coordinates, and chain-of-thought spatial grounding, which harnesses the reasoning capabilities of language models for advanced spatial reasoning. We evaluate SpatialCoT on challenging navigation and manipulation tasks, both in simulation and real-world settings. Experimental results demonstrate that our method significantly outperforms previous state-of-the-art approaches in both tasks.

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Forward citations

Cited by 21 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score.

  1. SpatialWorld: Benchmarking Interactive Spatial Reasoning of Multimodal Agents in Real-World Tasks

    cs.AI 2026-06 unverdicted novelty 7.0

    SpatialWorld is a new multi-simulator benchmark showing top multimodal agents achieve under 18% success on interactive spatial tasks requiring active exploration and long-horizon planning.

  2. DRIVESPATIAL: A Benchmark for Spatiotemporal Intelligence in VLMs for Autonomous Driving

    cs.CV 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 7.0

    DriveSpatial benchmark shows the strongest of 15 VLMs trails humans by 28.4 points on spatiotemporal tasks, with cognitive scene construction as the primary weakness.

  3. DRIVESPATIAL: A Benchmark for Spatiotemporal Intelligence in VLMs for Autonomous Driving

    cs.CV 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 7.0

    DriveSpatial benchmark shows the best of 15 VLMs trails humans by 28.4 points on spatiotemporal driving tasks, with cognitive scene construction as the main failure mode.

  4. ESI-Bench: Towards Embodied Spatial Intelligence that Closes the Perception-Action Loop

    cs.CV 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 7.0

    ESI-Bench shows active exploration outperforms passive observation in multimodal LLMs on spatial tasks but reveals failures from poor action choices and overconfident belief commitment unlike humans.

  5. 4DThinker: Thinking with 4D Imagery for Dynamic Spatial Understanding

    cs.CV 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 7.0

    4DThinker enables VLMs to perform dynamic spatial reasoning by thinking with 4D latent mental imagery using new fine-tuning and reinforcement learning methods.

  6. Token Warping Helps MLLMs Look from Nearby Viewpoints

    cs.CV 2026-04 unverdicted novelty 7.0

    Backward token warping in ViT-based MLLMs enables reliable reasoning from nearby viewpoints by preserving semantic coherence better than pixel-wise warping or fine-tuning baselines.

  7. SCP: Spatial Causal Prediction in Video

    cs.CV 2026-03 unverdicted novelty 7.0

    SCP defines a new benchmark task for predicting spatial causal outcomes beyond direct observation and shows that 23 leading models lag far behind humans on it.

  8. Reinforcing Dual-Path Reasoning in Spatial Vision Language Models

    cs.CV 2026-06 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    SR-REAL equips spatial VLMs with dual LOR and DTR reasoning paths trained via RL, achieving better benchmark performance through mutual reinforcement and generalization without per-task tuning.

  9. ESI-Bench: Towards Embodied Spatial Intelligence that Closes the Perception-Action Loop

    cs.CV 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    ESI-Bench is a new benchmark for embodied spatial intelligence with 10 task categories on OmniGibson that requires agents to actively explore via perception, locomotion, and manipulation, revealing that MLLMs suffer f...

  10. SpatialForge: Bootstrapping 3D-Aware Spatial Reasoning from Open-World 2D Images

    cs.CV 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    SpatialForge synthesizes 10 million spatial QA pairs from in-the-wild 2D images to train VLMs for better depth ordering, layout, and viewpoint-dependent reasoning.

  11. Proxy3D: Efficient 3D Representations for Vision-Language Models via Semantic Clustering and Alignment

    cs.CV 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    Proxy3D generates efficient 3D proxy representations via semantic clustering from video frames and aligns them to VLMs through multi-stage training on the new SpaceSpan dataset, achieving competitive performance on 3D...

  12. 4DThinker: Thinking with 4D Imagery for Dynamic Spatial Understanding

    cs.CV 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    4DThinker enables VLMs to perform dynamic spatial reasoning by internally simulating 4D imagery in latent space, outperforming prior text-based and modular approaches.

  13. Spatio-Temporal Grounding of Large Language Models from Perception Streams

    cs.RO 2026-04 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    FESTS uses Spatial Regular Expressions compiled from queries to generate 27k training tuples that raise a 3B-parameter LLM's frame-level F1 on spatio-temporal video reasoning from 48.5% to 87.5%, matching GPT-4.1 whil...

  14. DeepThinkVLA: Enhancing Reasoning Capability of Vision-Language-Action Models

    cs.LG 2025-10 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    DeepThinkVLA shows CoT improves VLA models only under decoding and causal alignment, delivering 97% success on LIBERO and 21.7-point gains via hybrid attention and SFT-RL training.

  15. OmniView-Space: Reinforcing Spatial Reasoning via Multi-Perspective Spatial Mapping

    cs.CV 2026-07 unverdicted novelty 5.0

    OmniView-Space framework with MPSM, tool-guided reasoning, and distillation achieves SOTA on spatial reasoning benchmarks for MLLMs while reducing external geometry dependencies.

  16. Spatial Reasoning via Modality Switching Between Language and Symbolic Representation

    cs.AI 2026-06 unverdicted novelty 5.0

    Introduces a trustworthiness-and-complexity switching metric that lets LLMs choose between language and grid modalities for spatial reasoning, yielding up to 42% gains in tested settings.

  17. Spatial Reasoning via Modality Switching Between Language and Symbolic Representation

    cs.AI 2026-06 unverdicted novelty 5.0

    Introduces a modality-switching mechanism for LLMs on spatial reasoning tasks using a trustworthiness and complexity based metric, showing up to 42% performance improvement.

  18. Grounded 3D-Aware Spatial Vision-Language Modeling

    cs.CV 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 5.0

    GR3D is a VLM that combines explicit 2D, implicit 2D, and monocular 3D grounding mechanisms to improve performance on spatial understanding benchmarks.

  19. Sketch2MinSurf: Vision-Language Guided Generation of Editable Minimal Surfaces from Hand-Drawn Sketches

    cs.CV 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 4.0

    Hybrid vision-language and geometric optimization framework generates editable minimal surfaces from sketches, reporting 0.844 topological similarity on 100 test sketches.

  20. SpaceEra++: A Unified Framework Towards 3D Spatial Reasoning in Video

    cs.CV 2026-07 unverdicted novelty 3.0

    SpaceEra++ adds ScenePick frame sampling and SpaceAlign pairwise constraints to the prior SpaceEra system, claiming consistent benchmark gains for 3D video spatial reasoning.

  21. Multimodal Chain-of-Thought Reasoning: A Comprehensive Survey

    cs.CV 2025-03 unverdicted novelty 2.0

    The paper provides the first comprehensive survey of multimodal chain-of-thought reasoning, including foundational concepts, a taxonomy of methodologies, application analyses, challenges, and future directions.