pith. sign in

arxiv: 2604.19997 · v1 · submitted 2026-04-21 · ✦ hep-ph

Introduction to transverse momentum imaging

Andrea Signori This is my paper

Pith reviewed 2026-05-10 01:34 UTC · model grok-4.3

classification ✦ hep-ph
keywords transverse momentum dependent distributionshadron structureQCDparton modelelectron-ion colliderTMD PDFsimaging
0
0 comments X

The pith

Transverse momentum dependent functions provide a framework for three-dimensional imaging of hadrons in QCD.

A machine-rendered reading of the paper's core claim, the machinery that carries it, and where it could break.

The notes introduce transverse momentum dependent parton distribution functions as a tool to access the three-dimensional structure of hadrons. They explain how these functions encode both longitudinal momentum fractions and transverse momenta of partons inside protons and other hadrons. The material is organized to support lectures at graduate schools focused on hadron physics and the upcoming electron-ion collider program. A sympathetic reader would see this as establishing the basic language and relations needed to interpret data that go beyond the usual one-dimensional parton distributions.

Core claim

These lecture notes establish the definitions, evolution equations, and phenomenological applications of transverse momentum dependent parton distributions, showing how they extend the standard parton model to include transverse momentum and thereby enable momentum-space imaging of hadrons.

What carries the argument

Transverse momentum dependent parton distribution functions (TMD PDFs), which describe the probability density for finding a parton with given longitudinal momentum fraction and transverse momentum inside a hadron.

If this is right

  • Data from the electron-ion collider can be interpreted in terms of three-dimensional parton distributions rather than one-dimensional ones.
  • Spin and orbital angular momentum contributions inside hadrons become accessible through TMD observables.
  • Factorization theorems allow separation of hard scattering from soft transverse-momentum effects in high-energy processes.

Where Pith is reading between the lines

These are editorial extensions of the paper, not claims the author makes directly.

  • The same TMD framework could be applied to other high-energy processes beyond the electron-ion collider, such as Drell-Yan at the LHC.
  • Connections to generalized parton distributions might allow unified three-dimensional imaging in both momentum and position space.
  • Phenomenological extractions of TMDs from existing data can serve as benchmarks before new collider runs begin.

Load-bearing premise

The reader already knows the basics of quantum chromodynamics and the collinear parton model.

What would settle it

A measurement at an electron-ion collider that shows transverse-momentum distributions inconsistent with the predicted evolution and factorization properties of TMD functions.

Figures

Figures reproduced from arXiv: 2604.19997 by Andrea Signori.

Figure 1
Figure 1. Figure 1: FIG. 1: Contraction of the leptonic and hadronic tensors in DIS. The lines crossing the cut represent on-shell states [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p006_1.png] view at source ↗
Figure 2
Figure 2. Figure 2: FIG. 2: Diagrammatic interpretations of the operators contributing to the DIS hadronic tensor. Diagram (a) [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p009_2.png] view at source ↗
Figure 3
Figure 3. Figure 3: FIG. 3: A physical observable can be expanded in powers of the coupling constant [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p010_3.png] view at source ↗
Figure 4
Figure 4. Figure 4: FIG. 4: The hadronic tensor [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p021_4.png] view at source ↗
Figure 5
Figure 5. Figure 5: FIG. 5: Leading twist approximation for the SIDIS hadronic tensor as a trace of the TMD parton correlation [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p021_5.png] view at source ↗
Figure 6
Figure 6. Figure 6: FIG. 6: Diagrams contributing to the gauge link for DIS-like processes up to order [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p029_6.png] view at source ↗
Figure 7
Figure 7. Figure 7: FIG. 7: Representations of staple-like Wilson lines running from 0 to [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p030_7.png] view at source ↗
read the original abstract

This set of notes complements the lectures and recitation sessions discussed in the following graduate schools: HUGS at Jefferson Lab (years 2018, 2019, 2021), the International School and Workshop on Probing Hadron Structure at the Electron-Ion Collider at ICTS (2024), Frontiers in Nuclear and Hadronic Physics at GGI (2025), and the International Workshop and School on Hadron Structure and Strong Interactions at Nanjing University (2025).

Editorial analysis

A structured set of objections, weighed in public.

Desk editor's note, referee report, simulated authors' rebuttal, and a circularity audit. Tearing a paper down is the easy half of reading it; the pith above is the substance, this is the friction.

Referee Report

0 major / 1 minor

Summary. This manuscript is a set of lecture notes providing an introduction to transverse momentum dependent distributions and imaging in hadrons. It is explicitly designed to complement lectures and recitations at the HUGS graduate schools (2018, 2019, 2021), the ICTS school on probing hadron structure at the EIC (2024), the GGI school on nuclear and hadronic physics (2025), and the Nanjing workshop on hadron structure (2025). No new scientific results, derivations, or predictions are claimed.

Significance. These notes address a pedagogical need in the QCD and hadron-structure community, particularly as preparation for research at the Electron-Ion Collider. Well-structured lecture notes on TMDs can help graduate students master the parton-model extensions, factorization theorems, and experimental observables that are central to current and future programs; their value lies in clarity and accessibility rather than novelty.

minor comments (1)
  1. The abstract lists the supported schools but does not outline the specific topics or organization of the notes themselves; adding a brief table of contents or topic list would improve usability for readers who did not attend the lectures.

Simulated Author's Rebuttal

0 responses · 0 unresolved

We thank the referee for their careful reading and positive evaluation of these lecture notes. We are pleased that the pedagogical focus and structure were recognized as addressing a clear need in the community, particularly in preparation for EIC-related research. We have no major comments to address, as none were raised.

Circularity Check

0 steps flagged

Lecture notes with no derivations or predictions

full rationale

This document is explicitly presented as lecture notes to accompany graduate-school sessions on transverse-momentum-dependent distributions. It advances no novel scientific claims, derivations, or results whose internal consistency can be examined for circularity. No equations, predictions, or load-bearing steps are offered that could reduce to fitted parameters, self-citations, or self-definitional constructs. The content assumes standard QCD and parton-model background and remains self-contained against external benchmarks.

Axiom & Free-Parameter Ledger

0 free parameters · 0 axioms · 0 invented entities

No new free parameters, axioms, or invented entities are introduced because the document is introductory lecture notes rather than original research.

pith-pipeline@v0.9.0 · 5351 in / 1007 out tokens · 41297 ms · 2026-05-10T01:34:46.909832+00:00 · methodology

discussion (0)

Sign in with ORCID, Apple, or X to comment. Anyone can read and Pith papers without signing in.

Reference graph

Works this paper leans on

107 extracted references · 107 canonical work pages · 3 internal anchors

  1. [1]

    (3.85) in those notes, derive the Dirac projections of the TMD correlator outlined in eqs

    starting from eq. (3.85) in those notes, derive the Dirac projections of the TMD correlator outlined in eqs. (3.88) - (3.90)

    work page

  2. [2]

    compute the Sivers structure function (in particular its angular dependence) in SIDIS. notes. [Suggested steps: define the hadronic tensor in terms of TMD correlators, define the leptonic tensor, contract them, etc.]

    work page

  3. [3]

    parallel

    do the same for other structure functions in SIDIS 6 https://feyncalc.github.io/ 7 https://www.sympy.org/ 24 Part IV The role of symmetries The symmetries of QCD play an essential role in the definition of the functions that describe hadron structure and hadronization in momentum space. These symmetries constrain the number of structures that can be used ...

    work page

  4. [4]

    Solve the parallel transport equation (115) to get the expression of a generic Wilson line used in Eq. (116)

    work page

  5. [5]

    X A for the case ofU [+] (see Eqs

    Derive the expression of the gauge link in the case of Drell-YanU [−], following the steps outlined in Sec. X A for the case ofU [+] (see Eqs. (126) and (127))

    work page

  6. [6]

    Show that the staple gauge link [±] transforms into the [∓] one under time reversal transformations, whereas the parity transformation sends [±] in [±] (see Sec. X C)

    work page

  7. [7]

    (134), (135), (136) for the transformation of the gauge-invariant correlation function Φ [U](k, P, S), using the results discussed in Sec

    Prove Eqs. (134), (135), (136) for the transformation of the gauge-invariant correlation function Φ [U](k, P, S), using the results discussed in Sec. IX and Sec. X C 34 Part V Phenomenology The way 3D hadron structure in momentum space is modified changing the relevant renormalization scales in the associated operators is referred to as TMD evolution. The...

    work page 2013

  8. [8]

    Derive the functional dependence of the saddle point for a TMD distribution as a function ofx,Q

    work page

  9. [9]

    Repeat the same calculation for a TMD fragmentation function

    work page

  10. [10]

    Next Generation EU

    Find the matching coefficients for the helicity and transversity TMD PDFs,g 1(x, k2 T ) andh 1(x, k2 T ), in Ref. [96] and show that the perturbative calculations are not reliable at largeb T (as for the unpolarized distribution). 41 A. LIGHT-CONE COORDINA TES An introduction to light-cone coordinates is given in Ref. [13]. Given a Cartesian basis{ˆe 0,ˆe...

    work page 2022

  11. [11]

    R. L. Jaffe,Spin, twist and hadron structure in deep inelastic processes, inThe spin structure of the nucleon. Proceedings, International School of Nucleon Structure, 1st Course, Erice, Italy, August 3-10, 1995, pp. 42–129, 1996. hep-ph/9602236

    work page Pith review arXiv 1995

  12. [12]

    P. J. Mulders,Transverse-momentum distributions and beyond: setting up the nucleon tomography. Unpublished lecture notes - hyperlink to file, 2015

    work page 2015

  13. [13]

    C. D. Roberts,Three Lectures on Hadron Physics,J. Phys. Conf. Ser.706(2016) 022003, [1509.02925]

    work page arXiv 2016

  14. [14]

    Bacchetta,Transverse momentum distributions

    A. Bacchetta,Transverse momentum distributions. Unpublished lecture notes - hyperlink to file, 2012

    work page 2012

  15. [15]

    Collins,Foundations of perturbative QCD

    J. Collins,Foundations of perturbative QCD. Cambridge University Press, 2013

    work page 2013

  16. [16]

    Muta,Foundations of Quantum Chromodynamics: An Introduction to Perturbative Methods in Gauge Theories, (3rd ed.), vol

    T. Muta,Foundations of Quantum Chromodynamics: An Introduction to Perturbative Methods in Gauge Theories, (3rd ed.), vol. 78 ofWorld scientific Lecture Notes in Physics. World Scientific, Hackensack, N.J., 2010

    work page 2010

  17. [17]

    M. E. Peskin and D. V. Schroeder,An Introduction to quantum field theory. 1995

    work page 1995

  18. [18]

    J. C. Collins and D. E. Soper,Parton Distribution and Decay Functions,Nucl. Phys.B194(1982) 445–492

    work page 1982

  19. [19]

    TMD Handbook,

    R. Boussarie et al.,TMD Handbook,2304.03302. [10]CTEQcollaboration, R. Brock et al.,Handbook of perturbative QCD: Version 1.0,Rev. Mod. Phys.67(1995) 157–248

    work page arXiv 1995

  20. [20]

    Introduction to GPDs and TMDs

    M. Diehl,Introduction to GPDs and TMDs,Eur. Phys. J. A52(2016) 149, [1512.01328]

    work page Pith review arXiv 2016

  21. [21]

    Single-spin asymmetries: the Trento conventions

    A. Bacchetta, U. D’Alesio, M. Diehl and C. A. Miller,Single-spin asymmetries: The Trento conventions,Phys. Rev. D 70(2004) 117504, [hep-ph/0410050]

    work page Pith review arXiv 2004

  22. [22]

    J. C. Collins,Light cone variables, rapidity and all that,hep-ph/9705393

    work page internal anchor Pith review arXiv

  23. [23]

    Parton Fragmentation Functions

    A. Metz and A. Vossen,Parton Fragmentation Functions,Prog. Part. Nucl. Phys.91(2016) 136–202, [1607.02521]

    work page Pith review arXiv 2016

  24. [24]

    Scimemi,A short review on recent developments in TMD factorization and implementation,Adv

    I. Scimemi,A short review on recent developments in TMD factorization and implementation,Adv. High Energy Phys. 2019(2019) 3142510, [1901.08398]

    work page arXiv 2019

  25. [25]

    C. D. Roberts,Strong QCD and Dyson-Schwinger Equations,IRMA Lect. Math. Theor. Phys.21(2015) 355–458, [1203.5341]

    work page Pith review arXiv 2015

  26. [26]

    Horn and C

    T. Horn and C. D. Roberts,The pion: an enigma within the Standard Model,J. Phys. G43(2016) 073001, [1602.04016]

    work page arXiv 2016

  27. [27]

    X. Ji, F. Yuan and Y. Zhao,What we know and what we don’t know about the proton spin after 30 years,Nature Rev. Phys.3(2021) 27–38, [2009.01291]

    work page arXiv 2021

  28. [28]

    Physics Opportunities with the 12 GeV Upgrade at Jefferson Lab

    J. Dudek et al.,Physics Opportunities with the 12 GeV Upgrade at Jefferson Lab,Eur. Phys. J.A48(2012) 187, [1208.1244]

    work page Pith review arXiv 2012

  29. [29]

    Electron Ion Collider: The Next QCD Frontier - Understanding the glue that binds us all

    A. Accardi et al.,Electron Ion Collider: The Next QCD Frontier - Understanding the glue that binds us all,1212.1701

    work page Pith review arXiv

  30. [30]

    Science Requirements and Detector Concepts for the Electron-Ion Collider: EIC Yellow Report

    R. Abdul Khalek et al.,Science Requirements and Detector Concepts for the Electron-Ion Collider: EIC Yellow Report, Nucl. Phys. A1026(2022) 122447, [2103.05419]

    work page internal anchor Pith review arXiv 2022

  31. [31]

    D. P. Anderle et al.,Electron-ion collider in China,Front. Phys. (Beijing)16(2021) 64701, [2102.09222]. [23]LHCspincollaboration, A. Accardi et al.,LHCspin: a Polarized Gas Target for LHC,2504.16034

    work page arXiv 2021

  32. [32]

    C. G. Callan, Jr. and D. J. Gross,High-energy electroproduction and the constitution of the electric current,Phys. Rev. Lett.22(1969) 156–159

    work page 1969

  33. [33]

    P. J. Mulders,Transverse momentum dependence in high-energy scattering processes. Unpublished lecture notes - hyperlink to file, 2016

    work page 2016

  34. [34]

    Bacchetta,Probing the Transverse Spin of Quarks in Deep Inelastic Scattering

    A. Bacchetta,Probing the Transverse Spin of Quarks in Deep Inelastic Scattering. PhD thesis, Vrije U., Amsterdam, 2002.hep-ph/0212025

    work page arXiv 2002

  35. [35]

    R. E. Cutkosky,Singularities and discontinuities of Feynman amplitudes,J. Math. Phys.1(1960) 429–433

    work page 1960

  36. [36]

    Zwicky,A brief Introduction to Dispersion Relations and Analyticity, inQuantum Field Theory at the Limits: from Strong Fields to Heavy Quarks, pp

    R. Zwicky,A brief Introduction to Dispersion Relations and Analyticity, inQuantum Field Theory at the Limits: from Strong Fields to Heavy Quarks, pp. 93–120, 2017.1610.06090. DOI

    work page arXiv 2017

  37. [37]

    Bacchetta and P

    A. Bacchetta and P. J. Mulders,Deep inelastic leptoproduction of spin-one hadrons,Phys. Rev. D62(2000) 114004, [hep-ph/0007120]. 44

    work page arXiv 2000

  38. [38]

    D. Boer, S. Cotogno, T. van Daal, P. J. Mulders, A. Signori and Y.-J. Zhou,Gluon and Wilson loop TMDs for hadrons of spin≤1,1607.01654

    work page arXiv

  39. [39]

    Kumano,Parton distribution functions and fragmentation functions of spin-1 hadrons,Eur

    S. Kumano,Parton distribution functions and fragmentation functions of spin-1 hadrons,Eur. Phys. J. A60(2024) 205, [2406.01180]

    work page arXiv 2024

  40. [40]

    J. Zhao, A. Bacchetta, S. Kumano, T. Liu and Y.-j. Zhou,Semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering off a tensor-polarized spin-1 target,JHEP12(2025) 067, [2508.06134]

    work page arXiv 2025

  41. [41]

    Semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering at small transverse momentum

    A. Bacchetta, M. Diehl, K. Goeke, A. Metz, P. J. Mulders and M. Schlegel,Semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering at small transverse momentum,JHEP02(2007) 093, [hep-ph/0611265]

    work page Pith review arXiv 2007

  42. [42]

    P. J. Mulders and R. D. Tangerman,The Complete tree level result up to order 1/Q for polarized deep inelastic leptoproduction,Nucl. Phys. B461(1996) 197–237, [hep-ph/9510301]

    work page Pith review arXiv 1996

  43. [43]

    Diehl and S

    M. Diehl and S. Sapeta,On the analysis of lepton scattering on longitudinally or transversely polarized protons,Eur. Phys. J. C41(2005) 515–533, [hep-ph/0503023]

    work page arXiv 2005

  44. [44]

    Accardi and A

    A. Accardi and A. Bacchetta,Accessing the nucleon transverse structure in inclusive deep inelastic scattering,Phys. Lett. B773(2017) 632–638, [1706.02000]

    work page arXiv 2017

  45. [45]

    Hoodbhoy, R

    P. Hoodbhoy, R. L. Jaffe and A. Manohar,Novel Effects in Deep Inelastic Scattering from Spin 1 Hadrons,Nucl. Phys. B312(1989) 571–588

    work page 1989

  46. [46]

    Cosyn, B

    W. Cosyn, B. R. Tomei, A. Sosa and A. Zec,Polarization options in inclusive DIS off tensor polarized deuteron,Eur. Phys. J. A61(2025) 83, [2410.12764]

    work page arXiv 2025

  47. [47]

    K. G. Wilson,Nonlagrangian models of current algebra,Phys. Rev.179(1969) 1499–1512

    work page 1969

  48. [48]

    K. G. Wilson and W. Zimmermann,Operator product expansions and composite field operators in the general framework of quantum field theory,Commun. Math. Phys.24(1972) 87–106

    work page 1972

  49. [49]

    The quantum theory of fields

    S. Weinberg,The quantum theory of fields. Vol. 2: Modern applications. Cambridge University Press, 8, 2013, 10.1017/CBO9781139644174

    work page doi:10.1017/cbo9781139644174 2013

  50. [50]

    M. G. A. Buffing,Color and TMD Universality in Hadronic Interactions. PhD thesis, NIKHEF, Amsterdam, 2015-09-02

    work page 2015

  51. [51]

    Zimmermann,Normal products and the short distance expansion in the perturbation theory of renormalizable interactions,Annals Phys.77(1973) 570–601

    W. Zimmermann,Normal products and the short distance expansion in the perturbation theory of renormalizable interactions,Annals Phys.77(1973) 570–601

    work page 1973

  52. [52]

    Diehl and T

    M. Diehl and T. Gousset,Time ordering in off diagonal parton distributions,Phys. Lett. B428(1998) 359–370, [hep-ph/9801233]

    work page arXiv 1998

  53. [53]

    D. J. Gross and S. B. Treiman,Light cone structure of current commutators in the gluon quark model,Phys. Rev. D4 (1971) 1059–1072

    work page 1971

  54. [54]

    Accardi and A

    A. Accardi and A. Signori,Quark fragmentation as a probe of dynamical mass generation,Phys. Lett. B798(2019) 134993, [1903.04458]

    work page arXiv 2019

  55. [55]

    Accardi and A

    A. Accardi and A. Signori,On the connection between quark propagation and hadronization,Eur. Phys. J. C80(2020) 825, [2005.11310]

    work page arXiv 2020

  56. [56]

    What can break the Wandzura--Wilczek relation?

    A. Accardi, A. Bacchetta, W. Melnitchouk and M. Schlegel,What can break the Wandzura-Wilczek relation?,JHEP11 (2009) 093, [0907.2942]

    work page Pith review arXiv 2009

  57. [57]

    M. G. Echevarria, I. Scimemi and A. Vladimirov,Unpolarized Transverse Momentum Dependent Parton Distribution and Fragmentation Functions at next-to-next-to-leading order,JHEP09(2016) 004, [1604.07869]

    work page arXiv 2016

  58. [58]

    R. L. Jaffe,Parton Distribution Functions for Twist Four,Nucl. Phys. B229(1983) 205–230

    work page 1983

  59. [59]

    Boer,Azimuthal asymmetries in hard scattering processes

    D. Boer,Azimuthal asymmetries in hard scattering processes. PhD thesis, Vrije U., Amsterdam, 1998

    work page 1998

  60. [60]

    Generalized Parton Distributions

    M. Diehl,Generalized parton distributions,Phys. Rept.388(2003) 41–277, [hep-ph/0307382]

    work page Pith review arXiv 2003

  61. [61]

    L. P. Gamberg, A. Mukherjee and P. J. Mulders,A model independent analysis of gluonic pole matrix elements and universality of TMD fragmentation functions,Phys. Rev. D83(2011) 071503, [1010.4556]

    work page arXiv 2011

  62. [62]

    Parameterization of the quark-quark correlator of a spin-1/2 hadron

    K. Goeke, A. Metz and M. Schlegel,Parameterization of the quark-quark correlator of a spin-1/2 hadron,Phys. Lett. B 618(2005) 90–96, [hep-ph/0504130]

    work page Pith review arXiv 2005

  63. [63]

    Time-reversal odd distribution functions in leptoproduction

    D. Boer and P. J. Mulders,Time reversal odd distribution functions in leptoproduction,Phys. Rev. D57(1998) 5780–5786, [hep-ph/9711485]

    work page Pith review arXiv 1998

  64. [64]

    J. P. Ralston and D. E. Soper,Production of Dimuons from High-Energy Polarized Proton Proton Collisions,Nucl. Phys. B152(1979) 109

    work page 1979

  65. [65]

    Transverse Polarisation of Quarks in Hadrons

    V. Barone, A. Drago and P. G. Ratcliffe,Transverse polarisation of quarks in hadrons,Phys. Rept.359(2002) 1–168, [hep-ph/0104283]

    work page Pith review arXiv 2002

  66. [66]

    Collins-Soper Equation for the Energy Evolution of Transverse-Momentum and Spin Dependent Parton Distributions

    A. Idilbi, X.-d. Ji, J.-P. Ma and F. Yuan,Collins-Soper equation for the energy evolution of transverse-momentum and spin dependent parton distributions,Phys. Rev. D70(2004) 074021, [hep-ph/0406302]

    work page Pith review arXiv 2004

  67. [67]

    M. A. Ebert, A. Gao and I. W. Stewart,Factorization for azimuthal asymmetries in SIDIS at next-to-leading power, JHEP06(2022) 007, [2112.07680]

    work page arXiv 2022

  68. [68]

    Rodini and A

    S. Rodini and A. Vladimirov,Transverse momentum dependent factorization for SIDIS at next-to-leading power,Phys. Rev. D110(2024) 034009, [2306.09495]

    work page arXiv 2024

  69. [69]

    Anselmino, M

    M. Anselmino, M. Boglione, J. Hansson and F. Murgia,Polarized inclusive leptoproduction, lepton N –>h X, and the hadron helicity density matrix, rho(h): Possible measurements and predictions,Phys. Rev. D54(1996) 828–837, [hep-ph/9512379]

    work page arXiv 1996

  70. [70]

    Anselmino, E

    M. Anselmino, E. Leader and F. Murgia,Single spin asymmetries in DIS,Phys. Rev. D56(1997) 6021–6024, [hep-ph/9610407]

    work page arXiv 1997

  71. [71]

    Anselmino, M

    M. Anselmino, M. Boglione, U. D’Alesio, E. Leader, S. Melis and F. Murgia,The general partonic structure for hadronic spin asymmetries,Phys. Rev. D73(2006) 014020, [hep-ph/0509035]. 45

    work page arXiv 2006

  72. [72]

    Boer,Angular dependences in inclusive two-hadron production at BELLE,Nucl

    D. Boer,Angular dependences in inclusive two-hadron production at BELLE,Nucl. Phys.B806(2009) 23–67, [0804.2408]

    work page arXiv 2009

  73. [73]

    Goeke, A

    K. Goeke, A. Metz, P. V. Pobylitsa and M. V. Polyakov,Lorentz invariance relations among parton distributions revisited,Phys. Lett. B567(2003) 27–30, [hep-ph/0302028]

    work page arXiv 2003

  74. [74]

    Relations between generalized and transverse momentum dependent parton distributions

    S. Meissner, A. Metz and K. Goeke,Relations between generalized and transverse momentum dependent parton distributions,Phys. Rev. D76(2007) 034002, [hep-ph/0703176]

    work page Pith review arXiv 2007

  75. [75]

    Levelt and P

    J. Levelt and P. J. Mulders,Quark correlation functions in deep inelastic semiinclusive processes,Phys. Rev. D49 (1994) 96–113, [hep-ph/9304232]

    work page arXiv 1994

  76. [76]

    D. Boer, P. J. Mulders and F. Pijlman,Universality of T odd effects in single spin and azimuthal asymmetries,Nucl. Phys. B667(2003) 201–241, [hep-ph/0303034]

    work page Pith review arXiv 2003

  77. [77]

    R. D. Tangerman and P. J. Mulders,Polarized twist - three distributions g(T) and h(L) and the role of intrinsic transverse momentum,hep-ph/9408305

    work page arXiv

  78. [78]

    S. D. Drell, D. J. Levy and T.-M. Yan,A Theory of Deep Inelastic Lepton-Nucleon Scattering and Lepton Pair Annihilation Processes. 1.,Phys. Rev.187(1969) 2159–2171

    work page 1969

  79. [79]

    S. D. Drell, D. J. Levy and T.-M. Yan,A Theory of Deep Inelastic Lepton Nucleon Scattering and Lepton Pair Annihilation Processes. 2. Deep Inelastic electron Scattering,Phys. Rev. D1(1970) 1035–1068

    work page 1970

  80. [80]

    S. D. Drell, D. J. Levy and T.-M. Yan,A Theory of Deep Inelastic Lepton-Nucleon Scattering and Lepton Pair Annihilation Processes. 3. Deep Inelastic electron-Positron Annihilation,Phys. Rev. D1(1970) 1617–1639

    work page 1970

Showing first 80 references.