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The LUVOIR Mission Concept Study Final Report
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The Large UV/Optical/Infrared Surveyor (LUVOIR) mission is one of four Decadal Survey Mission Concepts studied by NASA in preparation for the US National Academies' Astro2020 Decadal Survey. This observatory has the major goal of characterizing a wide range of exoplanets, including those that might be habitable -- or even inhabited. It would simultaneously enable a great leap forward in a broad range of astrophysics -- from the epoch of reionization, through galaxy formation and evolution, to star and planet formation. Powerful remote sensing observations of Solar System bodies will also be possible. This Final Report on the LUVOIR study presents the scientific motivations and goals of the mission concept, the engineering design, and technology development information. Please refer to the LUVOIR Final Report Appendices (separate document) for additional information.
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Cited by 16 Pith papers
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Fundamental Noise Limits of Infrared Detectors in the Presence of Readout Glow
Readout glow, not only 1/f drift, explains why averaging many non-destructive reads gives less noise reduction than 1/sqrt(N), and it sets a floor sigma_min ~ 1.5 sigma_RN^{1/2} G^{1/4}.
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The Distinctive Evolution and Spectral Energy Distribution of Binary Massive Black Hole Accretion
Combining three accretion disk states for binary massive black holes, the paper predicts a spectrum 'notch' and a mass-ratio evolution attractor at q~1e-3 for extreme-mass-ratio binaries.
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Figuring Out Gas & Galaxies In Enzo (FOGGIE). XIV. The Observability of Emission from Accretion and Feedback in the Circumgalactic Medium with Current and Future Instruments
Sensitivity, not sharpness, is the main limit on detecting circumgalactic gas in emission, and separating inflow from outflow needs ~30 km/s velocity resolution.
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Bioverse: Assessing the Ability of Direct Imaging Surveys to Empirically Constrain the Habitable Zone via Trends in Albedo
An HWO-like survey needs about 30 Earth-sized planets to recover a strong albedo step at the habitable zone, but 80-90 for weaker trends.
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Towards the Habitable Worlds Observatory: 1D CNN Retrieval of Reflection Spectra from Evolving Earth Analogs
A 1D CNN trained on over a million synthetic Earth-analog spectra retrieves gas abundances and planet properties in seconds, with Monte Carlo Dropout uncertainties.
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Requirements for Joint Orbital Characterization of Cold Giants and Habitable Worlds with Habitable Worlds Observatory
Simulations of 164 nearby target stars set HWO design requirements: an outer working angle of 1440 milliarcseconds, 40 precursor radial velocity measurements, and 6-8 astrometric epochs to pin down cold giant orbits.
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Constraining Ongoing Volcanic Outgassing Rates and Interior Compositions of Extrasolar Planets with Mass Measurements of Plasma Tori
A circumstellar plasma torus fed by exoplanet volcanism would imprint detectable atomic absorption lines, letting astronomers estimate volcanic outgassing rates.
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Segment-level thermal sensitivity analysis for exo-Earth coronagraphy with segmented space telescopes
Segment-level static and dynamic thermal tolerances for SCDA ~6 m APLC architectures are non-uniform under apodization, with outer segments relaxing as segment count rises, at ~1–2 pm/s open-loop drift for 10^-11 dark...
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Modeling the Impact of Starspot Inhomogeneity on Spectroscopic Retrievals of Directly-Imaged Planets
Solar-type starspots negligibly affect HWO-style Earth-twin reflection retrievals; extreme 10% unseen spots raise water SNR needs and return albedo ~2/3 of truth.
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Characterizing Earth analogs may require a moderate or high-resolution spectrograph
Moderate to high spectral resolution (R>1000) provides higher sensitivity for detecting key molecules like H2O and O2 in Earth analogs than low resolution (R~140), as correlated speckle noise can suppress detections a...
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A Statistical Method for Constraining the Capability of the Habitable Worlds Observatory to Understand Ozone Onset Time in Earth Analogs
Mean ozone onset time on Earth analogs can be recovered to about 50% precision from 30 planets, and sample size matters more than stellar age precision; the intrinsic spread of onset times stays poorly constrained.
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Constraining nearby substellar companion architectures using High Contrast Imaging, Radial Velocity and Astrometry data
For seven nearby M dwarfs, combining imaging, radial velocity, and astrometry raises the fraction of detectable substellar companions beyond any single method, though no new companions were found.
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Not Earth-like Yet Temperate? More Generic Climate Feedback Configurations Still Allow Temperate Climates in Habitable Zone Exo-Earth Candidates
An idealized model with an extra generalized feedback produces chaotic and runaway climates and predicts that strong positive fourth feedbacks reduce long-term temperate habitability of Earth-like exoplanets.
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From Global Climate Models (GCMs) to Exoplanet Spectra with the Global Emission Spectra (GlobES)
A tool description showing how GlobES ingests 3D GCM fields into PSG and why binning or averaging those fields biases simulated exoplanet spectra.
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Resolving Individual Stars in Nearby Large Galaxies with the Habitable Worlds Observatory
A science case predicts that HWO with a 0.015 arcsecond, Nyquist-sampled optical camera can resolve stars below the oldest main-sequence turnoff at 5 Mpc, below the red clump at 20 Mpc, and luminous stars at 50 Mpc.
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Evolution and Observable Properties of Rocky Planet Atmospheres
Rocky exoplanet atmospheric composition encodes interior, surface, escape, photochemical, and biological history, so coupled-process models are required to interpret mass-radius and spectral data.
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