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Quantum Computational Complexity -- From Quantum Information to Black Holes and Back

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arxiv 2110.14672 v1 pith:PRRCDZ7N submitted 2021-10-27 hep-th gr-qcquant-ph

Quantum Computational Complexity -- From Quantum Information to Black Holes and Back

classification hep-th gr-qcquant-ph
keywords quantumcomplexityblackcomputationalholographicinformationstatesdifferent
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal T4 reserved
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Quantum computational complexity estimates the difficulty of constructing quantum states from elementary operations, a problem of prime importance for quantum computation. Surprisingly, this quantity can also serve to study a completely different physical problem - that of information processing inside black holes. Quantum computational complexity was suggested as a new entry in the holographic dictionary, which extends the connection between geometry and information and resolves the puzzle of why black hole interiors keep growing for a very long time. In this pedagogical review, we present the geometric approach to complexity advocated by Nielsen and show how it can be used to define complexity for generic quantum systems; in particular, we focus on Gaussian states in QFT, both pure and mixed, and on certain classes of CFT states. We then present the conjectured relation to gravitational quantities within the holographic correspondence and discuss several examples in which different versions of the conjectures have been tested. We highlight the relation between complexity, chaos and scrambling in chaotic systems. We conclude with a discussion of open problems and future directions. This article was written for the special issue of EPJ-C Frontiers in Holographic Duality.

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Cited by 7 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score.

  1. The Geometry of Quantum Complexity in Open Systems

    quant-ph 2026-07 accept novelty 7.0

    Nielsen complexity for Lindbladian open systems induces a sub-Finslerian geometry on mixed states whose flag curvature depends on control penalty factors.

  2. Krylov Subspace Dynamics as Near-Horizon AdS$_2$ Holography

    hep-th 2026-02 unverdicted novelty 7.0

    In the continuum limit the discrete Krylov chain becomes a Klein-Gordon field in AdS2, with Lanczos growth rate α identified as πT, recovering the maximal chaos bound and requiring the Breitenlohner-Freedman bound for...

  3. Holographic complexity of de-Sitter black holes

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    In SdS black hole holography, CV and CV2.0 complexities grow linearly while CA growth vanishes due to finite action, with matching rates between static patch and dS/CFT schemes.

  4. Krylov Complexity for Open Quantum System: Dissipation and Decoherence

    hep-th 2025-09 unverdicted novelty 5.0

    Krylov complexity saturates in the full high-temperature Caldeira-Leggett system, reproduces dissipative features when decoherence is suppressed, shows oscillations when dissipation is suppressed, and remains insensit...

  5. Holographic complexity of the Klebanov-Strassler background

    hep-th 2023-11 unverdicted novelty 5.0

    Studies holographic complexity in the Klebanov-Strassler background, reporting common scaling with confinement scale across functionals and more complex UV divergences than in AdS.

  6. Quantum Complexity and New Directions in Nuclear Physics and High-Energy Physics Phenomenology

    quant-ph 2026-04 unverdicted novelty 2.0

    A review of how quantum information science is expected to provide new tools and insights for nuclear and high-energy physics phenomenology and quantum simulations.

  7. Krylov Complexity

    hep-th 2025-07 unverdicted novelty 2.0

    Krylov complexity is a canonical, parameter-independent measure of operator spreading that probes chaotic dynamics to late times and admits a geometric interpretation in holographic duals.