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The black hole interior from non-isometric codes and complexity

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arxiv 2207.06536 v2 pith:KHRVXJGT submitted 2022-07-13 hep-th gr-qcquant-ph

classification hep-thgr-qcquant-ph
keywords complexityinteriorblackholenumberquantumcodescorrection
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal
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Quantum error correction has given us a natural language for the emergence of spacetime, but the black hole interior poses a challenge for this framework: at late times the apparent number of interior degrees of freedom in effective field theory can vastly exceed the true number of fundamental degrees of freedom, so there can be no isometric (i.e. inner-product preserving) encoding of the former into the latter. In this paper we explain how quantum error correction nonetheless can be used to explain the emergence of the black hole interior, via the idea of "non-isometric codes protected by computational complexity". We show that many previous ideas, such as the existence of a large number of "null states", a breakdown of effective field theory for operations of exponential complexity, the quantum extremal surface calculation of the Page curve, post-selection, "state-dependent/state-specific" operator reconstruction, and the "simple entropy" approach to complexity coarse-graining, all fit naturally into this framework, and we illustrate all of these phenomena simultaneously in a soluble model.

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Cited by 10 Pith papers

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