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Black hole images: A Review

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arxiv 2301.00113 v1 pith:DBUVOHG2 submitted 2022-12-31 astro-ph.HE gr-qc

Black hole images: A Review

classification astro-ph.HE gr-qc
keywords blackimagesholeholesrecentreviewstudiesaccretion
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal T4 reserved
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abstract

In recent years, unprecedented progress has been achieved regarding black holes' observation through the electromagnetic channel. The images of the supermassive black holes M87$^{*}$ and Sgr A$^{*}$ released by the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) Collaboration provided direct visual evidence for their existence, which has stimulated further studies on various aspects of the compact celestial objects. Moreover, the information stored in these images provides a new way to understand the pertinent physical processes that occurred near the black holes, to test alternative theories of gravity, and to furnish insight into fundamental physics. In this review, we briefly summarize the recent developments on the topic. In particular, we elaborate on the features and formation mechanism of black hole shadows, the properties of black hole images illuminated by the surrounding thin accretion disk, and the corresponding polarization patterns. The potential applications of the relevant studies are also addressed.

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Cited by 9 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score.

  1. Geodesics and shadows of the spindle-deformed Kerr black hole

    gr-qc 2026-07 accept novelty 6.0

    In the spindle-deformed Kerr black hole, null geodesics separate at O(B²) while timelike do not; the deformation shifts the ISCO, can create an OSCO, and enlarges the shadow versus Kerr.

  2. Gravity/thermodynamics correspondence via black hole shadows

    gr-qc 2026-04 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    Cuspy black hole shadows correspond to swallowtail thermodynamic free energy, with boundary self-intersections marking geometric phase transitions whose critical exponents fall in the mean-field class.

  3. A Universal Framework for Horizon-Scale Tests of Gravity with Black Hole Shadows

    gr-qc 2025-11 conditional novelty 6.0

    An adaptive ray-tracing and MCMC framework estimates shadow observables for arbitrary stationary metrics; applied to the Kerr–Bertotti–Robinson spacetime it yields an Sgr A* horizon-scale magnetic field of about 93 G ...

  4. Semi-analytical Study on the Polarized Images of Black Hole due to Frame Dragging

    gr-qc 2025-08 unverdicted novelty 5.0

    Frame dragging flips an initially retrograde equatorial flow around a Kerr black hole, and the polarized image shows three distinct critical locations whose spatial hierarchy is derived analytically for an on-axis observer.

  5. Photon Spheres and shadow of modified black-hole entropies

    gr-qc 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 4.0

    Modified black hole entropies alter photon sphere radii and shadow sizes, with parameters constrained by Event Horizon Telescope observations of Sgr A*.

  6. Photon Spheres and shadow of modified black-hole entropies

    gr-qc 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 4.0

    Corrected black hole entropies produce distinct shifts in photon sphere radius and shadow size that are constrained by Event Horizon Telescope data on Sagittarius A*.

  7. Photon Spheres and shadow of modified black-hole entropies

    gr-qc 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 4.0

    Entropy corrections to black holes produce modified metrics whose photon-sphere and shadow sizes can be constrained by Sgr A* observations.

  8. Bright ring features and polarization structures in Kerr-Sen black hole images illuminated by radiatively inefficient accretion flows

    gr-qc 2025-07 unverdicted novelty 4.0

    GRRT simulations show that raising the dilaton parameter shrinks the bright ring while increasing its width and brightness, disk thickness reduces diameter and width with weaker brightness impact, and both affect allo...

  9. Shadow of the Scalar Hairy Black Hole with Inverted Higgs Potential

    gr-qc 2025-01 unverdicted novelty 4.0

    Hairy black hole shadows and disks grow with horizon scalar value but can mimic Schwarzschild by adjusting horizon radius, with the potential parameter Lambda constrained by supermassive black hole observations.