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Noncommuting conserved charges in quantum thermodynamics and beyond

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arxiv 2306.00054 v2 pith:4ARMCHED submitted 2023-05-31 quant-ph cond-mat.stat-mechhep-lathep-thnucl-th

Noncommuting conserved charges in quantum thermodynamics and beyond

Shayan Majidy , William F. Braasch Jr. , Aleksander Lasek , Twesh Upadhyaya , Amir Kalev , Nicole Yunger Halpern This is my paper
classification quant-ph cond-mat.stat-mechhep-lathep-thnucl-th
keywords chargesnoncommutingquantumthermalizationthermodynamicscommutephenomenathermodynamic
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal T4 reserved
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Thermodynamic systems typically conserve quantities ("charges") such as energy and particle number. The charges are often assumed implicitly to commute with each other. Yet quantum phenomena such as uncertainty relations rely on observables' failure to commute. How do noncommuting charges affect thermodynamic phenomena? This question, upon arising at the intersection of quantum information theory and thermodynamics, spread recently across many-body physics. Charges' noncommutation has been found to invalidate derivations of the thermal state's form, decrease entropy production, conflict with the eigenstate thermalization hypothesis, and more. This Perspective surveys key results in, opportunities for, and work adjacent to the quantum thermodynamics of noncommuting charges. Open problems include a conceptual puzzle: Evidence suggests that noncommuting charges may hinder thermalization in some ways while enhancing thermalization in others.

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  1. Typical entanglement entropy with charge conservation

    quant-ph 2026-04 unverdicted novelty 7.0

    Typical entanglement entropy with fixed global charge is given by the local thermal entropy at fixed charge density for both U(1) and SU(2) symmetries in the thermodynamic limit.