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High-Temperature Gibbs States are Unentangled and Efficiently Preparable

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arxiv 2403.16850 v2 pith:B3UXF542 submitted 2024-03-25 quant-ph cs.DSmath-phmath.MP

High-Temperature Gibbs States are Unentangled and Efficiently Preparable

classification quant-ph cs.DSmath-phmath.MP
keywords betastatesmathfraktemperatureclassicalconstantdistributionefficiently
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We show that thermal states of local Hamiltonians are separable above a constant temperature. Specifically, for a local Hamiltonian $H$ on a graph with degree $\mathfrak{d}$, its Gibbs state at inverse temperature $\beta$, denoted by $\rho = e^{-\beta H}/ \operatorname{tr}(e^{-\beta H})$, is a classical distribution over product states for all $\beta < 1/(c\mathfrak{d})$, where $c$ is a constant. This proof of sudden death of thermal entanglement resolves the fundamental question of whether many-body systems can exhibit entanglement at high temperature. Moreover, we show that we can efficiently sample from the distribution over product states. In particular, for any $\beta < 1/( c \mathfrak{d}^2)$, we can prepare a state $\varepsilon$-close to $\rho$ in trace distance with a depth-one quantum circuit and $\operatorname{poly}(n, 1/\varepsilon)$ classical overhead.

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