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RSPO: Regularized Self-Play Alignment of Large Language Models

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arxiv 2503.00030 v2 pith:7UY7XQMD submitted 2025-02-24 cs.LG cs.AI

RSPO: Regularized Self-Play Alignment of Large Language Models

classification cs.LG cs.AI
keywords self-playregularizedalignmentrspodivergencelanguagemodelsregularization
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal T4 reserved
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Self-play alignment has emerged as an effective approach for fine-tuning large language models (LLMs), formulating preference optimization as a two-player game. However, the regularization with respect to the reference policy, which is crucial for mitigating over-optimization, has been insufficiently investigated in self-play alignment. To study the impact of different regularization strategies, we propose \textbf{Regularized Self-Play Policy Optimization (RSPO)}, a general and modular framework that unifies prior methods and enables simple plug-and-play integration of various regularizers, meanwhile preserving convergence to Nash equilibrium of the corresponding regularized game.Our empirical study involving over $120$ fine-tuned Mistral-7B-Instruct models reveals that forward KL divergence regularization reduces response length, whereas reverse KL divergence markedly improves raw win rates. Crucially, RSPO regularized with a linear combination of forward and reverse KL divergence significantly boosts the length-controlled win rate on AlpacaEval-2 from $28.5\%$ (unregularized self-play, SPPO) to $35.4\%$, and consistently demonstrates superior performance on Arena-Hard, MT-Bench, ArmoRM scores, and response diversity. Combining simplicity, convergence guarantees, and significant empirical gains, RSPO offers a strong foundation for exploring regularized self-play in language model alignment.

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Cited by 6 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score.

  1. IRIS: Interpolative R\'enyi Iterative Self-play for Large Language Model Fine-Tuning

    cs.LG 2026-04 unverdicted novelty 7.0

    IRIS unifies self-play fine-tuning under an interpolative Rényi objective with adaptive alpha scheduling and reports better benchmark scores than baselines while surpassing full supervised fine-tuning with only 13% of...

  2. Meta-Learning Preferences for Multilingual LLM Alignment

    cs.CL 2026-07 conditional novelty 6.0

    Meta-learning a shared initialization on multilingual preference data lets LLMs align to a new language from ~100 preference samples, with up to 28% win-rate gains over baselines.

  3. GDSD: Reinforcement Learning as Guided Denoiser Self-Distillation for Diffusion Language Models

    cs.LG 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    GDSD reduces RL for dLLMs to likelihood-free self-distillation via a normalization-free logit-matching objective, outperforming ELBO methods with more stable training on LLaDA-8B and Dream-7B.

  4. Normalized Rewards for Preference Optimization

    cs.LG 2026-06 conditional novelty 5.0

    A regularization term that conserves the combined length-normalized probability of chosen and rejected responses reduces likelihood displacement in DPO/SimPO, improves AlpacaEval and benchmark outcomes, and acts prima...

  5. S-SPPO: Semantic-Calibrated Self-Play Preference Optimization

    cs.AI 2026-06 unverdicted novelty 5.0

    S-SPPO stabilizes SPPO via semantic calibration in supervision and representation spaces, reporting 52.19% win rate on AlpacaEval 2.0 with Llama-3-8B.

  6. GIFT: Games as Informal Training for Generalizable LLMs

    cs.CL 2026-01 conditional novelty 5.0

    Game-based RL with formal math improves average general-benchmark scores in several settings, but the proposed nested training objective is mathematically the same average-reward objective as mixed training and in-dom...