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On observers in holographic maps

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arxiv 2503.09681 v1 pith:2TDPRC3Y submitted 2025-03-12 hep-th gr-qc

classification hep-thgr-qc
keywords holographicintegralpathclosedcodeconstructiondimensionhilbert
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal
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A straightforward gravitational path integral calculation implies that closed universes are trivial, described by a one dimensional Hilbert space. Two recent papers by Harlow-Usatyuk-Zhao and Abdalla-Antonini-Iliesiu-Levine have sought to ameliorate this issue by defining special rules to incorporate observers into the path integral. However, the proposed rules are different, leading to differing results for the Hilbert space dimension. Moreover, the former work offers a holographic map realized using a non-isometric code construction to complement their path integral result and clarify its physics. In this work, we propose a non-isometric code that implements the second construction, allowing thorough comparison. Our prescription may be thought of as simply removing the portion of the map that acts on the observer, while preserving the rest, creating an effective holographic boundary at the observer-environment interface. This proposal can be directly applied to general holographic maps for both open and closed universes of any dimension.

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Cited by 7 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. Full citation record

  1. JT gravity on the worldline

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    Semiclassical pure AdS3 gravity states, labelled by fixed-area geodesic networks, are mapped to CFT2 primary states whose wavefunctions are networks of OPE coefficients.

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    hep-th 2026-07 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

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    hep-th 2025-10 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    Transient closed-string fluctuations in dS3 are shown order by order to be encoded in gravitational junction shifts at I±, with the monotonic time shift forming an emergent clock.

  7. The Baby Universe is Fine and the CFT Knows It: On Holography for Closed Universes

    hep-th 2025-07 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    A closed universe in AdS/CFT is not ruled out by recent SWAP-test arguments; the one-dimensional Hilbert space seen from the CFT is external indistinguishability, and CFT data can reconstruct the closed universe's geometry.

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