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Quantum Characterization, Verification, and Validation
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Quantum Characterization, Verification, and Validation
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Quantum characterization, verification, and validation (QCVV) is a set of techniques to probe, describe, and assess the behavior of quantum bits (qubits), quantum information-processing registers, and quantum computers. QCVV protocols probe and describe the effects of unwanted decoherence so that it can be eliminated or mitigated. They can be usefully divided into characterization techniques that estimate predictive models for a device's behavior from data, and benchmarking techniques that assess overall performance of a device. In this introductory article, we briefly summarize the history of QCVV, introduce the mathematical models and metrics upon which it relies, and then summarize the foundational fields of tomography, randomized benchmarking, and holistic benchmarks. We conclude with brief descriptions of (and references to) advanced topics including gate set tomography, phase estimation, Pauli noise learning, characterization of mid-circuit measurements and non-Markovianity, classical shadows, verification and certification, and logical qubit assessment.
Forward citations
Cited by 10 Pith papers
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Classical shadows for sample-efficient measurements of gauge-invariant observables
Using the Z2 lattice-gauge-theory/Ising duality, symmetry-aware classical shadow protocols estimate gauge-invariant observables with exponentially fewer samples than symmetry-blind protocols, at the cost of deeper circuits.
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Reconstructing the unitary part of a noisy quantum channel
Method to reconstruct the unitary component of a quantum channel from minimal mixed or pure state pairs, with resource comparisons to Choi-matrix methods for noisy dynamics and robustness to SPAM errors.
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How to Build a Quantum Supercomputer: Scaling from Hundreds to Millions of Qubits
A comprehensive review of scaling paths for superconducting quantum computers, with resource and sensitivity analyses for utility-scale applications under realistic error distributions.
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Review synthesizing crosstalk mechanisms, mitigation strategies, and security vulnerabilities across major quantum computing platforms from existing literature.
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