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Axion dark matter search from terrestrial magnetic fields at extremely low frequencies

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arxiv 2504.07559 v2 pith:IYURULWC submitted 2025-04-10 hep-ph astro-ph.CO

Axion dark matter search from terrestrial magnetic fields at extremely low frequencies

classification hep-ph astro-ph.CO
keywords axionsearchtimes10analysisaxion-inducedaxion-photonaxionscandidates
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal T4 reserved
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The natural environment of the Earth can act as a sensitive detector for dark matter in ultralight axions. When axions with masses between $1\times10^{-15}\,{\rm eV}$ and $1\times10^{-13}\,{\rm eV}$ pass through the Earth, they interact with the global geomagnetic field, generating electromagnetic (EM) waves in the extremely low-frequency range ($0.3$--$30\,{\rm Hz}$) through axion-photon coupling. This paper is one of a series of companion papers for~\cite{Taruya:2025zql}, focusing on the data analysis method and search results for an axion signal. Utilizing the theoretical predictions of axion-induced EM spectra from a companion study, we analyzed long-term observational data of terrestrial magnetic fields in this frequency band to search for axion-induced signals. Our analysis identified 65 persistent signal candidates with a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) greater than 3. Aside from these candidates, we placed a new upper bound on the axion-photon coupling parameter, significantly refining the previous constraint from CAST by at most two orders of magnitude down to $g_{a\gamma} \lesssim 4\times10^{-13} \,{\rm GeV}^{-1}$ for the axion mass around $3 \times 10^{-14}\,{\rm eV}$.

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Cited by 7 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score.

  1. An ultra-broadband axion dark matter experiment

    hep-ph 2026-05 conditional novelty 7.0

    A dc SQUID operated at the flux sweet spot with lock-in modulation yields an ultra-broadband axion search with projected sensitivity |g_aγγ| ≳ 10^{-16} GeV^{-1} across 15 orders of magnitude in mass.

  2. Ultralight dark matter detection with trapped-ion interferometry

    hep-ph 2025-07 conditional novelty 7.0

    A trapped ion in a spin-motion entangled state can detect kinetically mixed dark photon dark matter in the 10^{-15} to 10^{-14} eV mass range through Aharonov-Bohm phase shifts with parametrically enhanced sensitivity.

  3. Ferromagnetic broadband sensing of axionlike dark matter

    hep-ex 2026-06 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    A ferromagnetic levitated magnetometer with double-resonance mode reaches 0.7 fT magnetic resolution at 276 Hz and sets new direct limits on axionlike dark matter photon coupling g_aγ ~10^{-7} GeV^{-1} in the 40-3000 ...

  4. Bounds on massive graviton-like particles from searches for axion-like particles coupling to photons

    hep-ph 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    Limits on axion-like particles from photon-coupling searches are recast as constraints on massive graviton-like particles across lab, astrophysical, and cosmological experiments using analogous Primakoff and Gertsensh...

  5. Axiverse Lampposts

    hep-ph 2026-02 conditional novelty 6.0

    In a hierarchical multi-axion theory with random couplings, axion field ranges shrink with 1/sqrt(N), generic axion–SM couplings are suppressed, but the QCD axion's coupling is unsuppressed.

  6. Searching for dark photon dark matter from terrestrial magnetic fields

    hep-ph 2025-09 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    New upper limits on the dark photon kinetic mixing parameter ε are derived from geomagnetic data for masses between 1e-15 and 2e-13 eV, improving prior ground-based constraints.

  7. Earth as a transducer for ultralight bosonic dark-matter detection

    hep-ph 2026-07 conditional novelty 2.0

    The Earth can act as a giant transducer: EM-coupled ultralight dark matter induces a global, radius-enhanced oscillating magnetic field, and existing magnetometer arrays already set leading direct constraints.