Pith. sign in

REVIEW 23 cited by

MiniCPM4: Ultra-Efficient LLMs on End Devices

Not yet reviewed by Pith; the record is open.

This paper has not been read by Pith yet. Machine review is queued; the pith claim, tier, and objections will appear here once it completes.

SPECIMEN: schema-true, not a live event

T0 review · schema-true

One-sentence machine reading of the paper's core claim.

pith:XXXXXXXX · record.json · timestamp

arxiv 2506.07900 v2 pith:3ZDXG3WW submitted 2025-06-09 cs.CL cs.AI

MiniCPM4: Ultra-Efficient LLMs on End Devices

classification cs.CL cs.AI
keywords minicpm4modeltrainingefficientproposedataregardingachieve
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal T4 reserved
0 comments
Share X LinkedIn Reddit HN
read the original abstract

This paper introduces MiniCPM4, a highly efficient large language model (LLM) designed explicitly for end-side devices. We achieve this efficiency through systematic innovation in four key dimensions: model architecture, training data, training algorithms, and inference systems. Specifically, in terms of model architecture, we propose InfLLM v2, a trainable sparse attention mechanism that accelerates both prefilling and decoding phases for long-context processing. Regarding training data, we propose UltraClean, an efficient and accurate pre-training data filtering and generation strategy, and UltraChat v2, a comprehensive supervised fine-tuning dataset. These datasets enable satisfactory model performance to be achieved using just 8 trillion training tokens. Regarding training algorithms, we propose ModelTunnel v2 for efficient pre-training strategy search, and improve existing post-training methods by introducing chunk-wise rollout for load-balanced reinforcement learning and data-efficient tenary LLM, BitCPM. Regarding inference systems, we propose CPM.cu that integrates sparse attention, model quantization, and speculative sampling to achieve efficient prefilling and decoding. To meet diverse on-device requirements, MiniCPM4 is available in two versions, with 0.5B and 8B parameters, respectively. Furthermore, we construct a hybrid reasoning model, MiniCPM4.1, which can be used in both deep reasoning mode and non-reasoning mode. Evaluation results demonstrate that MiniCPM4 and MiniCPM4.1 outperform similar-sized open-source models across benchmarks, with the 8B variants showing significant speed improvements on long sequence understanding and generation.

discussion (0)

Sign in with ORCID, Apple, or X to comment. Anyone can read and Pith papers without signing in.

Forward citations

Cited by 23 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score.

  1. Too Nice to Tell the Truth: Quantifying Agreeableness-Driven Sycophancy in Role-Playing Language Models

    cs.CL 2026-04 unverdicted novelty 7.0

    Agreeableness in AI personas reliably predicts sycophantic behavior in 9 of 13 tested language models.

  2. CodePercept: Code-Grounded Visual STEM Perception for MLLMs

    cs.CV 2026-03 conditional novelty 6.5

    Perception, not reasoning, is the main bottleneck for MLLM STEM visual reasoning, and training on executable reconstruction code measurably fixes it.

  3. AgenticASR: Refining Speech Recognition in Real-World Scenarios via an Agentic Approach

    cs.AI 2026-07 conditional novelty 6.0

    An ASR–Refiner system emits and revises clean transcripts online over a bounded sliding context, outperforming offline spoken-to-written baselines on a new bilingual rubric benchmark.

  4. $\Sigma$-Mem: An Online Reliability Memory for LLM-based Multi-Agent Systems

    cs.MA 2026-07 conditional novelty 6.0

    Online symmetric reliability memory for LLM multi-agent systems accumulates bounded competence and peer-relationship evidence and supports steering, routing, and weighted voting without retraining.

  5. CoSA: Accelerating Long-Context Inference via Proxy-Kernel Co-Designed Sparse Attention

    cs.CL 2026-07 conditional novelty 6.0

    CoSA couples an order-aware sparse-mask proxy with a skip-capable attention kernel, achieving higher long-context accuracy at lower compute budgets than existing sparse-attention baselines.

  6. Athena-Brain Technical Report: An Efficient Robot Brain for General Intelligence and Embodied Interaction

    cs.AI 2026-07 conditional novelty 6.0

    An 8B LLM post-trained with SFT, RL, embodied-expert training, and model merging reaches high in-domain embodied-task success with very short responses.

  7. FreyaTTS: A Compact Tokenizer-Free Flow-Matching Transformer for Turkish-First Speech Synthesis

    cs.CL 2026-07 conditional novelty 6.0

    A 183M-parameter flow-matching transformer, trained on frozen AudioVAE2 latents, reports 8.0% WER on a new Turkish TTS benchmark, beating larger open systems while running in real time on consumer hardware.

  8. ReverseEOL: Improving Training-free Text Embeddings via Text Reversal in Decoder-only LLMs

    cs.CL 2026-06 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    ReverseEOL improves training-free text embeddings by combining forward and reversed-text representations from frozen decoder-only LLMs.

  9. SparDA: Sparse Decoupled Attention for Efficient Long-Context LLM Inference

    cs.CL 2026-06 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    SparDA introduces a decoupled Forecast head per GQA group in sparse attention to enable lookahead KV selection and prefetching, delivering up to 1.25x prefill and 1.7x decode speedups with matched accuracy on 8B models.

  10. DashAttention: Differentiable and Adaptive Sparse Hierarchical Attention

    cs.CL 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    DashAttention introduces differentiable adaptive sparse hierarchical attention via α-entmax block selection, achieving full-attention accuracy at 75% sparsity with improved Pareto performance over NSA and InfLLMv2.

  11. TIDE-Bench: Task-Aware and Diagnostic Evaluation of Tool-Integrated Reasoning

    cs.AI 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    TIDE-Bench is a new benchmark for tool-integrated reasoning that combines diverse tasks, multi-aspect metrics covering answer quality, process reliability, efficiency and cost, plus filtered challenging test sets.

  12. MiniCPM-o 4.5: Towards Real-Time Full-Duplex Omni-Modal Interaction

    cs.CL 2026-04 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    MiniCPM-o 4.5 uses the Omni-Flow streaming framework to deliver real-time full-duplex omni-modal interaction with proactive behavior in a 9B model that approaches Gemini 2.5 Flash performance.

  13. TSHA: A Benchmark for Visual Language Models in Trustworthy Safety Hazard Assessment Scenarios

    cs.CV 2026-03 conditional novelty 6.0

    TSHA is a new 80,000-pair benchmark for indoor safety hazard assessment; current vision-language models score roughly 45-85, and fine-tuning on TSHA raised Qwen2.5-VL-3B by 18.3 points on TSHA's test set.

  14. Generative Semantic Multi-Object Tracking: A Large-Scale Benchmark and an MLLM-Driven Reasoning Framework

    cs.CV 2026-01 reject novelty 6.0

    A new LLM-generated dataset and an MLLM-based tracker claim state-of-the-art semantic multi-object tracking, but the evaluation protocol masks missed objects and ID switches.

  15. Kimi Linear: An Expressive, Efficient Attention Architecture

    cs.CL 2025-10 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    Kimi Linear hybridizes linear attention with a new KDA module to beat full attention on tasks while slashing KV cache by 75% and speeding decoding up to 6x.

  16. The Ratchet Effect in Silico: How Interaction Drives Cumulative Intelligence in Large Language Models

    cs.LG 2025-07 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    Populations of 1-4B parameter LLMs using peer verification and shared cultural memory achieve 8.8-18.9 point gains on mathematical reasoning tasks and close much of the gap to 70B+ single models.

  17. FreyaTTS: A Compact Tokenizer-Free Flow-Matching Transformer for Turkish-First Speech Synthesis

    cs.CL 2026-07 conditional novelty 5.5

    A compact tokenizer-free non-autoregressive flow-matching DiT synthesizes Turkish speech in frozen AudioVAE2 latents at WER 8.0% / CER 3.0%, beating larger open cloners while running at RTF 0.11 on consumer GPUs.

  18. VoxCPM2 Technical Report

    cs.SD 2026-06 unverdicted novelty 5.0

    VoxCPM2 scales hierarchical continuous-latent speech modeling to 2B parameters and over 2M hours of multilingual data, unifying voice cloning, style control, and continuation in one backbone with open release.

  19. JaiTTS: A Thai Voice Cloning Model

    cs.CL 2026-04 unverdicted novelty 5.0

    JaiTTS-v1.0 achieves a character error rate of 1.94% on short Thai speech tasks, surpassing human ground truth of 1.98%, matches humans on long tasks, and wins 283 of 400 human pairwise comparisons against commercial models.

  20. JaiTTS: A Thai Voice Cloning Model

    cs.CL 2026-04 unverdicted novelty 5.0

    JaiTTS-v1.0 achieves 1.94% CER on short Thai speech, beating human ground truth of 1.98%, matches humans on long speech, and wins 283 of 400 human comparisons against commercial systems.

  21. LongAct: Harnessing Intrinsic Activation Patterns for Long-Context Reinforcement Learning

    cs.LG 2026-04 unverdicted novelty 5.0

    LongAct uses saliency from high-magnitude activations to guide sparse weight updates in long-context RL, yielding about 8% gains on LongBench v2 across multiple algorithms.

  22. TSHA: A Benchmark for Visual Language Models in Trustworthy Safety Hazard Assessment Scenarios

    cs.CV 2026-03 unverdicted novelty 5.0

    TSHA is a mixed real/AIGC/panorama/video QA benchmark showing VLMs are weak at home safety hazard assessment and that TSHA training improves scores by up to +18.3 points.

  23. Stem: Rethinking Causal Information Flow in Sparse Attention

    cs.LG 2026-03 conditional novelty 5.0

    Stem prunes causal attention with a position-decaying budget and a value-magnitude-aware score, matching dense accuracy on LongBench/RULER at a 25-31% compute budget.