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KernelEvolve: Scaling Agentic Kernel Coding for Heterogeneous AI Accelerators at Meta

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arxiv 2512.23236 v4 pith:J6RLRBL6 submitted 2025-12-29 cs.LG cs.AIcs.ARcs.MAcs.PF

KernelEvolve: Scaling Agentic Kernel Coding for Heterogeneous AI Accelerators at Meta

classification cs.LG cs.AIcs.ARcs.MAcs.PF
keywords kernelkernelevolvehardwareacrossheterogeneousgenerationmodeloptimization
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal T4 reserved
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Making deep learning recommendation model (DLRM) training and inference fast and efficient is important. However, this presents three key system challenges - model architecture diversity, kernel primitive diversity, and hardware generation and architecture heterogeneity. This paper presents KernelEvolve-an agentic kernel coding framework-to tackle heterogeneity at-scale for DLRM. KernelEvolve is designed to take kernel specifications as input and automate the process of kernel generation and optimization for recommendation model across heterogeneous hardware architectures. KernelEvolve does so by operating at multiple programming abstractions, from Triton and CuTe DSL to low-level hardware agnostic languages, spanning the full hardware-software optimization stack. The kernel optimization process is described as graph-based search with selection policy, universal operator, fitness function, and termination rule, dynamically adapts to runtime execution context through retrieval-augmented prompt synthesis. We designed, implemented, and deployed KernelEvolve to optimize a wide variety of production recommendation models across generations of NVIDIA and AMD GPUs, as well as Meta's AI accelerators. We validate KernelEvolve on the publicly-available KernelBench suite, achieving 100% pass rate on all 250 problems across three difficulty levels, and 160 PyTorch ATen operators across three heterogeneous hardware platforms, demonstrating 100% correctness. KernelEvolve reduces development time from weeks to hours and achieves substantial performance improvements over PyTorch baselines across diverse production use cases and for heterogeneous AI systems at-scale. Beyond performance efficiency improvements, KernelEvolve significantly mitigates the programmability barrier for new AI hardware by enabling automated kernel generation for in-house developed AI hardware.

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Cited by 11 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score.

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  2. Optimizing CUDA like a Human: Micro-Profiling Tools as Expert Surrogates for LLM-Based GPU Kernel Optimization

    cs.LG 2026-06 conditional novelty 7.0

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    PassNet provides a dataset of 18K graphs and PassBench for LLM-generated compiler passes, with fine-tuned models achieving 2.67x gains on long-tail tasks where TorchInductor underperforms.

  4. From Human Guidance to Autonomy: Agent Skill System for End-to-End LLM Deployment on Spatial NPUs

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