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BitNet b1.58 2B4T Technical Report

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arxiv 2504.12285 v2 pith:2U7CKZVZ submitted 2025-04-16 cs.CL cs.LG

BitNet b1.58 2B4T Technical Report

classification cs.CL cs.LG
keywords bitnetmodellanguageopen-sourceabilityachievesacrossadoption
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal T4 reserved
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We introduce BitNet b1.58 2B4T, the first open-source, native 1-bit Large Language Model (LLM) at the 2-billion parameter scale. Trained on a corpus of 4 trillion tokens, the model has been rigorously evaluated across benchmarks covering language understanding, mathematical reasoning, coding proficiency, and conversational ability. Our results demonstrate that BitNet b1.58 2B4T achieves performance on par with leading open-weight, full-precision LLMs of similar size, while offering significant advantages in computational efficiency, including substantially reduced memory footprint, energy consumption, and decoding latency. To facilitate further research and adoption, the model weights are released via Hugging Face along with open-source inference implementations for both GPU and CPU architectures.

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Cited by 16 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score.

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    cs.LG 2026-07 conditional novelty 7.0 partial

    For a fixed low-bit residual library, the distance to the closed relaxed reachable set is an exact structural floor that pure depth approaches at O(1/D), while write-back arithmetic can reverse the gain and accuracy m...

  2. VitaLLM: A Versatile and Tiny Accelerator for Mixed-Precision LLM Inference on Edge Devices

    cs.AR 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 7.0

    VitaLLM demonstrates a 16nm silicon prototype accelerator achieving 72.46 tokens/s decode for 3B ternary LLMs in 0.214 mm² area with reduced KV cache traffic via predictive sparse attention.

  3. Vec-LUT: Vector Table Lookup for Parallel Ultra-Low-Bit LLM Inference on Edge Devices

    cs.DC 2025-12 conditional novelty 7.0

    Vec-LUT delivers up to 4.2x speedup over prior LUT methods for parallel ultra-low-bit LLM inference on edge devices by unifying lookups across tokens and adding cache-aware tensor layouts.

  4. BitNet Text Embeddings

    cs.CL 2026-06 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    BITEMBED converts LLM backbones to ternary BitNet-style encoders, adapts them with contrastive pre-training and teacher distillation, and produces text embeddings at multiple precisions that perform comparably to full...

  5. BitNet Text Embeddings

    cs.CL 2026-06 conditional novelty 6.0

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  6. LC-QAT: Data-Efficient 2-Bit QAT for LLMs via Linear-Constrained Vector Quantization

    cs.CL 2026-06 unverdicted novelty 6.0

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  7. Stochastic Sparse Attention for Memory-Bound Inference

    cs.LG 2026-05 accept novelty 6.0

    SANTA sparsifies post-softmax value aggregation via stratified sampling of S << n_k indices to produce an unbiased estimator, delivering 1.5x decode attention speedup on RTX 6000 Ada at 32k contexts while matching bas...

  8. Stochastic Sparse Attention for Memory-Bound Inference

    cs.LG 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 6.0

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  9. VitaLLM: A Versatile, Ultra-Compact Ternary LLM Accelerator with Dependency-Aware Scheduling

    cs.AR 2026-04 conditional novelty 6.0

    VitaLLM delivers 70.7 tokens/s decoding in a 0.223 mm² TSMC 16 nm chip at 66 mW with a figure-of-merit of 17.4 TOPS/mm²/W by combining TINT cores, BoothFlex attention, leading-one prediction, and dependency-aware scheduling.

  10. LBLLM: Lightweight Binarization of Large Language Models via Three-Stage Distillation

    cs.LG 2026-04 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    LBLLM achieves better accuracy than prior binarization methods for LLMs by decoupling weight and activation quantization through initialization, layer-wise distillation, and learnable activation scaling.

  11. Rethinking 1-bit Optimization Leveraging Pre-trained Large Language Models

    cs.CL 2025-08 conditional novelty 6.0

    A progressive training scheme with binary-aware initialization and dual-scaling allows pre-trained LLMs to be converted to high-performance 1-bit models without training from scratch.

  12. LC-QAT: Data-Efficient 2-Bit QAT for LLMs via Linear-Constrained Vector Quantization

    cs.CL 2026-06 unverdicted novelty 5.0

    LC-QAT is a 2-bit weight-only vector quantization aware training framework for LLMs that uses linear-constrained affine mappings to achieve data-efficient optimization and outperform prior QAT methods.

  13. Spike-Aware C++ INT8 Inference for Sparse Spiking Language Models on Commodity CPUs

    cs.NE 2026-06 unverdicted novelty 5.0

    A spike-aware C++ INT8 runtime for sparse spiking LMs delivers 22.63 tokens/s single-thread on Ryzen 7, beating several Q8_0 dense models in llama.cpp while cutting weights from 3.49 GB to 1.06 GB, at the cost of high...

  14. On the Expressive Power of Weight Quantization in Large Language Models

    cs.LG 2026-06 unverdicted novelty 4.0

    Weight-quantized LLMs retain universal approximation up to 1.58 bits with expressive collapse below it and polynomial degradation in capacity as bit count falls.

  15. GoldenFloat: A Phi-Derived Static-Split Floating-Point Family from GF4 to GF1024 with a Lucas-Exact Integer Identity

    cs.AR 2026-06 unverdicted novelty 4.0

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  16. ECG Foundation Models and Medical LLMs for Agentic Cardiovascular Intelligence at the Edge: A Review and Outlook

    eess.SP 2026-04 unverdicted novelty 3.0

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