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Primordial Black Hole Evaporation and Dark Matter Production: II. Interplay with the Freeze-In/Out Mechanism

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arxiv 2107.00016 v2 pith:2W6BRPT3 submitted 2021-06-30 hep-ph astro-ph.CO

Primordial Black Hole Evaporation and Dark Matter Production: II. Interplay with the Freeze-In/Out Mechanism

classification hep-ph astro-ph.CO
keywords pbhsdifferentfreeze-inmechanismproductionrelicabundanceaffect
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal T4 reserved
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We study how the evaporation of primordial black holes (PBHs) can affect the production of dark matter (DM) particles through thermal processes. We consider fermionic DM interacting with Standard Model particles via a spin-1 mediator in the context of a Freeze-Out or Freeze-In mechanism. We show that when PBHs evaporate after dominating the Universe's energy density, PBHs act as a source of DM and continuously inject entropy into the visible sector that can affect the thermal production in three qualitatively different ways. We compute the annihilation cross-sections which account for the interactions between and within the PBH produced and thermally produced DM populations, and establish a set of Boltzmann equations which we solve to obtain the correct relic abundance in those different regimes and confront the results with a set of different cosmological constraints. We provide analytic formulae to calculate the relic abundance for the Freeze-Out and Freeze-In mechanism in a PBH dominated early Universe. We identify regions of the parameter space where the PBHs dilute the relic density and thermalization occurs. Furthermore, we have made our code that numerically solves the Boltzmann equations publicly available.

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Cited by 12 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score.

  1. Gravitational Waves from Black Hole Reheating: The Scalar-Induced Component

    hep-ph 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 7.0

    Accounting for the minimal mass spread of primordial black holes from gravitational collapse suppresses the Poltergeist GW background to the level of generic scalar-induced signals and reopens ultra-light PBH parameter space.

  2. Primordial black holes as cosmic accelerators of light dark matter: Novel direct detection constraints

    hep-ph 2026-02 unverdicted novelty 7.0

    Primordial black hole evaporation generates light fermionic dark matter capable of producing electron recoils in XENONnT, LZ, and PandaX-4T, enabling new constraints on DM-electron interactions after including Earth a...

  3. Tachyonic gravitational dark matter production after inflation

    astro-ph.CO 2026-01 accept novelty 7.0

    Tachyonic instabilities from post-inflation curvature reorganization via quadratic Gauss-Bonnet coupling produce the observed dark matter relic density across wide mass and scale ranges, backed by lattice simulations ...

  4. String Axiverse Enhancement of Superradiant Dark Matter Production

    hep-ph 2026-06 conditional novelty 6.0

    O(100–10^5) light string axions enhance PBH spin-up during Hawking evaporation, boosting superradiant dark-matter cloud efficiency and expanding the micro-boson-star parameter space while contributing negligibly to ΔN_eff.

  5. Revisiting PBH accretion, evaporation and their cosmological consequences

    astro-ph.HE 2025-12 conditional novelty 6.0

    Relativistic accretion onto Kerr primordial black holes gives roughly 4.5x mass growth and fast spin-down, strengthening BBN bounds, lowering the survival mass to ~2.7e14 g, and erasing the high-frequency stochastic g...

  6. Baryogenesis via Asymmetric Evaporation of Primordial Black Holes

    hep-ph 2025-08 conditional novelty 6.0

    Evaporating primordial black holes, biased by a new gravitational interaction, can reproduce the observed baryon asymmetry once entropy dilution and chemical-potential-dependent emission are included.

  7. String Axiverse Enhancement of Superradiant Dark Matter Production

    hep-ph 2026-06 unverdicted novelty 5.0

    O(100-10^5) string axions enhance PBH superradiance efficiency via increased spin, expanding viable mass-spin regions for micro-boson star dark matter while too many axions cause overly rapid evaporation.

  8. $\tt BlackHawk$ $\tt v3.0$: Hawking Radiation from Regular Black Holes

    gr-qc 2026-06 unverdicted novelty 5.0

    BlackHawk v3.0 adds Hawking temperatures and greybody factors for multiple regular black hole metrics to an existing public code via numerical routines.

  9. Signatures of loop quantum gravity in primordial black hole cosmologies

    gr-qc 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 5.0

    PBH masses near 10^3 kg allow Hawking evaporation to reheat the universe while Planckian remnants comprise all present-day DM without fine-tuning initial abundance, yielding testable GW signals.

  10. Primordial black holes as cosmic accelerators of light dark matter: Novel direct detection constraints

    hep-ph 2026-02 conditional novelty 5.0

    Hawking-evaporating primordial black holes could boost light dark matter to detectable energies, and the new electron-recoil constraints from XENONnT, LZ, and PandaX-4T tighten limits on its mass and cross-section.

  11. ULYSSES the Third: An Odyssey Towards a Unified Python Toolkit for Leptogenesis

    hep-ph 2026-05 accept novelty 4.0

    ULYSSES v3 extends an open-source Python toolkit to numerically solve leptogenesis equations in resonant low-scale and high-scale regimes with updated interfaces and cross-checks.

  12. Primordial Black Holes Evaporating before Big Bang Nucleosynthesis

    astro-ph.CO 2025-09 unverdicted novelty 4.0

    PBHs must exceed 10^9 g to affect BBN observables, yielding beta upper limits from 10^{-17} to 10^{-19} for masses 10^9-10^10 g, with public code provided.