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On Bringing Robots Home
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On Bringing Robots Home
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Throughout history, we have successfully integrated various machines into our homes. Dishwashers, laundry machines, stand mixers, and robot vacuums are a few recent examples. However, these machines excel at performing only a single task effectively. The concept of a "generalist machine" in homes - a domestic assistant that can adapt and learn from our needs, all while remaining cost-effective - has long been a goal in robotics that has been steadily pursued for decades. In this work, we initiate a large-scale effort towards this goal by introducing Dobb-E, an affordable yet versatile general-purpose system for learning robotic manipulation within household settings. Dobb-E can learn a new task with only five minutes of a user showing it how to do it, thanks to a demonstration collection tool ("The Stick") we built out of cheap parts and iPhones. We use the Stick to collect 13 hours of data in 22 homes of New York City, and train Home Pretrained Representations (HPR). Then, in a novel home environment, with five minutes of demonstrations and fifteen minutes of adapting the HPR model, we show that Dobb-E can reliably solve the task on the Stretch, a mobile robot readily available on the market. Across roughly 30 days of experimentation in homes of New York City and surrounding areas, we test our system in 10 homes, with a total of 109 tasks in different environments, and finally achieve a success rate of 81%. Beyond success percentages, our experiments reveal a plethora of unique challenges absent or ignored in lab robotics. These range from effects of strong shadows, to variable demonstration quality by non-expert users. With the hope of accelerating research on home robots, and eventually seeing robot butlers in every home, we open-source Dobb-E software stack and models, our data, and our hardware designs at https://dobb-e.com
Forward citations
Cited by 23 Pith papers
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RotVLA: Rotational Latent Action for Vision-Language-Action Model
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Morphologically Equivariant Flow Matching for Bimanual Mobile Manipulation
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Being-H0.7: A Latent World-Action Model from Egocentric Videos
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Eval-Actions: Fine-Grained Execution Quality Evaluation for Robotic Manipulation
A new benchmark and multimodal evaluator for scoring robotic manipulation execution quality (smoothness, safety, efficiency) and detecting whether a trajectory came from a policy or teleoperation.
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3D-VLA: A 3D Vision-Language-Action Generative World Model
3D-VLA is a new embodied foundation model that uses a 3D LLM plus aligned diffusion models to generate future images and point clouds for improved reasoning and action planning in 3D environments.
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Universal Manipulation Interface: In-The-Wild Robot Teaching Without In-The-Wild Robots
UMI enables zero-shot deployment of robot manipulation policies trained solely on portable human demonstrations captured with custom handheld grippers, supporting dynamic bimanual tasks across novel environments and objects.
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Ego2Robot: Scalable Robot Data Synthesis from Egocentric Human Data
Pretraining a VLA model on 18,561 hours of robot-synthesized egocentric human video mixed with robot data improves out-of-distribution manipulation success in simulation and on a real dual-arm robot.
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MonoDuo: Using One Robot Arm to Learn Bimanual Policies
MonoDuo generates synthetic bimanual demonstrations from single-arm teleoperation plus human collaboration to train policies achieving up to 70% zero-shot success on five manipulation tasks, with 65-70% gains from 25-...
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Scalable Trajectory Generation for Whole-Body Mobile Manipulation
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WARPED: Wrist-Aligned Rendering for Robot Policy Learning from Egocentric Human Demonstrations
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RoSHI: A Versatile Robot-oriented Suit for Human Data In-the-Wild
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XR-1: Towards Versatile Vision-Language-Action Models via Learning Unified Vision-Motion Representations
Sharing one discrete codebook between visual-dynamics and robot-motion branches and using the codes as auxiliary supervision improves cross-embodiment VLA success rates in the authors' real-robot tests.
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UniVLA: Learning to Act Anywhere with Task-centric Latent Actions
UniVLA trains cross-embodiment vision-language-action policies from unlabeled videos via a latent action model in DINO space, beating OpenVLA on benchmarks with 1/20th pretraining compute and 1/10th downstream data.
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$\pi_{0.5}$: a Vision-Language-Action Model with Open-World Generalization
π_{0.5} is a VLA model that achieves long-horizon dexterous manipulation in entirely new homes through co-training on heterogeneous tasks and multi-source data including web and semantic predictions.
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RoboMIND: Benchmark on Multi-embodiment Intelligence Normative Data for Robot Manipulation
RoboMIND is a large-scale multi-embodiment teleoperation dataset for robot manipulation containing 107k trajectories across four robots, with failure annotations and a digital twin simulator.
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$\pi_0$: A Vision-Language-Action Flow Model for General Robot Control
π₀ is a vision-language-action flow model trained on diverse multi-platform robot data that supports zero-shot task performance, language instruction following, and efficient fine-tuning for dexterous tasks.
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Mobile ALOHA: Learning Bimanual Mobile Manipulation with Low-Cost Whole-Body Teleoperation
A low-cost whole-body teleoperation system enables effective imitation learning for complex bimanual mobile manipulation by co-training on mobile and static demonstration datasets.
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LeapBot-WA: World-Anchor Action Models via Predictive Latent Alignments
LeapBot-WA shows robot policies can be trained with latent world-model predictions instead of pixel video generation, hitting state-of-the-art for predictive action models and staying competitive with generative WAMs.
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Robots Need More than VLA and World Models
The paper identifies four missing interfaces (data autolabelling, embodiment retargeting, physics-grounded world models, and video-based reward inference) as the central bottleneck beyond VLA scaling for robot intelligence.
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XR-1: Towards Versatile Vision-Language-Action Models via Learning Unified Vision-Motion Representations
XR-1 introduces Unified Vision-Motion Codes learned by dual-branch VQ-VAE and applies them in a three-stage training pipeline to outperform prior VLA models on 120+ real-world manipulation tasks across six robot embodiments.
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A Survey on Vision-Language-Action Models: An Action Tokenization Perspective
The survey frames VLA models as pipelines that generate progressively grounded action tokens and classifies those tokens into eight types to guide future development.
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SpatialVLA: Exploring Spatial Representations for Visual-Language-Action Model
SpatialVLA adds 3D-aware position encoding and adaptive discretized action grids to visual-language-action models, enabling strong zero-shot performance and fine-tuning on new robot setups after pre-training on 1.1 mi...
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General Covariant Action Modeling: Constructing Generalized Manifolds via Spatio-Temporal Decoupling
GAM framework uses arc-length parameterization for temporal invariance and schema-affine factorization for geometric invariance to build a covariant action manifold integrated into VLA models for improved generalizati...
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