Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.
Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-07T12:48:18.371254Z
Paper Citation Record · LEDGER
As of 8 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 50 of 50 outbound references and 2 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2505.23561.
A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.
Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.
Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-07T12:48:18.371254Z
One-hop event checks from named stored sources.
Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00
Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.
Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-06-28T10:05:10.309553Z
A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.
Source: arxiv_reference, observed 2026-07-03T11:38:05.615659Z
50 of 50 outbound references displayed
External citation measurements
No source-named external measurement is stored.
Observation 7f0d3e58-9117-4832-aaf3-a44fbb47e16a · outbound
Merge Hijacking: Backdoor Attacks to Model Merging of Large Language Models Unresolved cited work
Reference 1
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation 6c4d0816-2c71-469b-bb88-a39f1fa50420 · outbound
Merge Hijacking: Backdoor Attacks to Model Merging of Large Language Models Unresolved cited work
Reference 2
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation 2e46fb92-cefd-48cc-8bfd-7d876c7b60af · outbound
Merge Hijacking: Backdoor Attacks to Model Merging of Large Language Models Here's a Free Lunch: Sanitizing Backdoored Models with Model Merge
Reference 3
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 4c8b477c-832f-41a1-8450-47c8e09715fd · outbound
Merge Hijacking: Backdoor Attacks to Model Merging of Large Language Models Qwen Technical Report
Reference 4
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 6acf0a50-fd6e-4657-b3af-d64b733adaa9 · outbound
Merge Hijacking: Backdoor Attacks to Model Merging of Large Language Models BadPre: Task-agnostic Backdoor Attacks to Pre-trained NLP Foundation Models
Reference 5
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 122aca9f-7cbc-436a-a84d-7f5432689998 · outbound
Merge Hijacking: Backdoor Attacks to Model Merging of Large Language Models Training Verifiers to Solve Math Word Problems
Reference 6
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 797edc12-481f-4f6d-ad2f-9df398226fc8 · outbound
Merge Hijacking: Backdoor Attacks to Model Merging of Large Language Models Unresolved cited work
Reference 7
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation c8b8ca49-82e1-44e6-96e1-bcd6d9cfcfbc · outbound
Merge Hijacking: Backdoor Attacks to Model Merging of Large Language Models DELLA-Merging: Reducing Interference in Model Merging through Magnitude-Based Sampling
Reference 8
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 70c6f83e-680c-4fee-a741-650da0bf8f12 · outbound
Merge Hijacking: Backdoor Attacks to Model Merging of Large Language Models Unresolved cited work
Reference 9
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation 83e96470-e45e-45ac-9790-37df9915383d · outbound
Merge Hijacking: Backdoor Attacks to Model Merging of Large Language Models Unresolved cited work
Reference 10
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation 60284a90-ff1a-485d-a879-a944b35ab9cb · outbound
Merge Hijacking: Backdoor Attacks to Model Merging of Large Language Models BadNets: Identifying Vulnerabilities in the Machine Learning Model Supply Chain
Reference 11
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation b3c169b7-3ea2-4a6c-96b8-fb5787742296 · outbound
Merge Hijacking: Backdoor Attacks to Model Merging of Large Language Models SCALE-UP: An Efficient Black-box Input-level Backdoor Detection via Analyzing Scaled Prediction Consistency
Reference 12
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 7bab8c33-e09a-4ba8-a0fb-3c811ac4d076 · outbound
Merge Hijacking: Backdoor Attacks to Model Merging of Large Language Models Composite Backdoor Attacks Against Large Language Models
Reference 13
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 79c1b52f-28ef-4ebe-b102-724fe08128d2 · outbound
Merge Hijacking: Backdoor Attacks to Model Merging of Large Language Models Lawyer LLaMA Technical Report
Reference 14
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 36ccc6a4-8b7a-4f57-9820-8c94decb7d5b · outbound
Merge Hijacking: Backdoor Attacks to Model Merging of Large Language Models Editing Models with Task Arithmetic
Reference 15
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 8fd8d335-7d11-454b-8c7b-c03785fead1b · outbound
Merge Hijacking: Backdoor Attacks to Model Merging of Large Language Models Baseline Defenses for Adversarial Attacks Against Aligned Language Models
Reference 16
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 83528510-2044-476a-aa85-25eeaebd8dea · outbound
Merge Hijacking: Backdoor Attacks to Model Merging of Large Language Models Unresolved cited work
Reference 17
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation 450d7339-62b7-46c8-a576-d70a1c294c73 · outbound
Merge Hijacking: Backdoor Attacks to Model Merging of Large Language Models Mistral 7B
Reference 18
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 912b481f-c6ec-4061-95b4-ef63f4ff0f8c · outbound
Merge Hijacking: Backdoor Attacks to Model Merging of Large Language Models CleanGen: Mitigating Backdoor Attacks for Generation Tasks in Large Language Models
Reference 19
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 32040036-1434-4e38-8918-f5dd16937f89 · outbound
Merge Hijacking: Backdoor Attacks to Model Merging of Large Language Models Competition-Level Code Generation with AlphaCode
Reference 20
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 9183bd86-2785-44ee-a794-60d21b3f351b · outbound
Merge Hijacking: Backdoor Attacks to Model Merging of Large Language Models LoRATK: LoRA Once, Backdoor Everywhere in the Share-and-Play Ecosystem
Reference 21
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 4276fcd2-08a7-4e5a-869f-48d675dbf236 · outbound
Merge Hijacking: Backdoor Attacks to Model Merging of Large Language Models Unresolved cited work
Reference 22
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation c1b6bdf9-bdf5-4b8f-a228-b64a77d1812e · outbound
Merge Hijacking: Backdoor Attacks to Model Merging of Large Language Models Unresolved cited work
Reference 23
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation 15c53ae5-6c1d-4a3c-adfe-4dd50ec74692 · outbound
Merge Hijacking: Backdoor Attacks to Model Merging of Large Language Models Improving Large Language Model Fine-tuning for Solving Math Problems
Reference 24
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation cbec3f81-1507-4073-b573-03260797374c · outbound
Merge Hijacking: Backdoor Attacks to Model Merging of Large Language Models Unresolved cited work
Reference 25
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation 0a5def35-8596-4b5b-a987-b8b146215fd2 · outbound
Merge Hijacking: Backdoor Attacks to Model Merging of Large Language Models Unresolved cited work
Reference 26
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation d28e90b0-fba3-4e07-a033-1a758f9d6c28 · outbound
Merge Hijacking: Backdoor Attacks to Model Merging of Large Language Models Hidden Killer: Invisible Textual Backdoor Attacks with Syntactic Trigger
Reference 27
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation f8f4b374-06fb-4c64-9209-d88f499887f4 · outbound
Merge Hijacking: Backdoor Attacks to Model Merging of Large Language Models Unresolved cited work
Reference 28
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 87e2d3cd-b5a2-4fb9-a928-9106961aa022 · outbound
Merge Hijacking: Backdoor Attacks to Model Merging of Large Language Models Unresolved cited work
Reference 29
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation 54c745f4-3050-477b-8068-f03bf4ceca12 · outbound
Merge Hijacking: Backdoor Attacks to Model Merging of Large Language Models Backdoor Pre-trained Models Can Transfer to All
Reference 30
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation efce6e4a-a467-4b81-ba43-4873f940c9e4 · outbound
Merge Hijacking: Backdoor Attacks to Model Merging of Large Language Models BadGPT: Exploring Security Vulnerabilities of ChatGPT via Backdoor Attacks to InstructGPT
Reference 31
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 94678c49-a97c-4893-a29e-7625c3932f6c · outbound
Merge Hijacking: Backdoor Attacks to Model Merging of Large Language Models Natural Backdoor Attack on Text Data
Reference 32
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 8f37c53e-4e42-4872-8ad7-8768f1cbb690 · outbound
Merge Hijacking: Backdoor Attacks to Model Merging of Large Language Models Unresolved cited work
Reference 33
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation bb41e4cd-3760-4d38-bda8-7dbc1c2cf741 · outbound
Merge Hijacking: Backdoor Attacks to Model Merging of Large Language Models A Survey on Post-training of Large Language Models
Reference 34
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation b5a90ace-7812-4599-8dfd-9454d2acda22 · outbound
Merge Hijacking: Backdoor Attacks to Model Merging of Large Language Models OpenMathInstruct-2: Accelerating AI for Math with Massive Open-Source Instruction Data
Reference 35
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 410606ef-b8cb-4e68-9396-c3383456b174 · outbound
Merge Hijacking: Backdoor Attacks to Model Merging of Large Language Models Unresolved cited work
Reference 36
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation 06bd2291-f7f5-40c6-b46f-44af44752bf4 · outbound
Merge Hijacking: Backdoor Attacks to Model Merging of Large Language Models BadAgent: Inserting and Activating Backdoor Attacks in LLM Agents
Reference 37
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation b3b8316c-34af-4bf1-8997-0cf804b4ed73 · outbound
Merge Hijacking: Backdoor Attacks to Model Merging of Large Language Models Unresolved cited work
Reference 38
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation 40d570c1-83d7-445c-a17a-f11a18c32c15 · outbound
Merge Hijacking: Backdoor Attacks to Model Merging of Large Language Models Model Merging in LLMs, MLLMs, and Beyond: Methods, Theories, Applications and Opportunities
Reference 39
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation d41db963-ae11-4a02-8fde-67a7f7aeec66 · outbound
Merge Hijacking: Backdoor Attacks to Model Merging of Large Language Models LoBAM: LoRA-Based Backdoor Attack on Model Merging
Reference 40
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation f58c5256-928a-4900-b765-b2a2ddaf0623 · outbound
Merge Hijacking: Backdoor Attacks to Model Merging of Large Language Models Unresolved cited work
Reference 41
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation e021420d-0969-4ad8-92b9-c4ecd9881c5c · outbound
Merge Hijacking: Backdoor Attacks to Model Merging of Large Language Models Unresolved cited work
Reference 42
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation e8e11dcf-316f-4a1c-beeb-e7ed34875fd1 · outbound
Merge Hijacking: Backdoor Attacks to Model Merging of Large Language Models Backdoor Attacks to Pre-trained Unified Foundation Models
Reference 43
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation 5bc63c3d-ca04-4b37-a019-6d0c8586e2e4 · outbound
Merge Hijacking: Backdoor Attacks to Model Merging of Large Language Models BadToken: Token-level Backdoor Attacks to Multi-modal Large Language Models
Reference 44
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation b9c159d5-f586-40b6-bac1-4eaa004b529e · outbound
Merge Hijacking: Backdoor Attacks to Model Merging of Large Language Models Unresolved cited work
Reference 45
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation aab23a1c-03bc-44ac-95ce-cef3c6e453a7 · outbound
Merge Hijacking: Backdoor Attacks to Model Merging of Large Language Models Unresolved cited work
Reference 46
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation 7ccd69a6-3948-4348-846b-b6b1ad5df634 · outbound
Merge Hijacking: Backdoor Attacks to Model Merging of Large Language Models Unresolved cited work
Reference 47
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 37612cec-ca52-40cc-ae6f-810bc7c7e8ac · outbound
Merge Hijacking: Backdoor Attacks to Model Merging of Large Language Models Unresolved cited work
Reference 48
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 01995b97-26fe-470a-b7a2-684d3b70c197 · outbound
Merge Hijacking: Backdoor Attacks to Model Merging of Large Language Models online" 'onlinestring :=
Reference 49
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 899eec16-0269-495c-a375-8e4d0cdf62fd · outbound
Merge Hijacking: Backdoor Attacks to Model Merging of Large Language Models write newline
Reference 50
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 936b7c5e-7ee8-4f31-beaf-2ec2303afdb1 · inbound
RogueMerge: Robust and Unified Attacks against LLM Model Merging Merge Hijacking: Backdoor Attacks to Model Merging of Large Language Models
Reference 14
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation 62907152-6ace-4d7e-b61e-75d29ae90fc5 · inbound
From Parameters to Feature Space: Task Arithmetic for Backdoor Mitigation in Model Merging Merge Hijacking: Backdoor Attacks to Model Merging of Large Language Models
Reference 15
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.