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Supernova Limits on Muonic Dark Forces

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arxiv 2307.03143 v3 pith:AGT5XNN7 submitted 2023-07-06 hep-ph astro-ph.HE

Supernova Limits on Muonic Dark Forces

classification hep-ph astro-ph.HE
keywords darkfermionsconstraintsexperimentslimitsmuonsparameterspace
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal T4 reserved
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Proto-neutron stars formed during core-collapse supernovae are hot and dense environments that contain a sizable population of muons. If these interact with new long-lived particles with masses up to roughly 100 MeV, the latter can be produced and escape from the stellar plasma, causing an excessive energy loss constrained by observations of SN 1987A. In this article we calculate the emission of light dark fermions that are coupled to leptons via a new massive vector boson, and determine the resulting constraints on the general parameter space. We apply these limits to the gauged $L_\mu-L_\tau$ model with dark fermions, and show that the SN 1987A constraints exclude a significant portion of the parameter space targeted by future experiments. We also extend our analysis to generic effective four-fermion operators that couple dark fermions to muons, electrons, or neutrinos. We find that SN 1987A cooling probes a new-physics scale up to $\sim7$ TeV, which is an order of magnitude larger than current bounds from laboratory experiments.

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Cited by 6 Pith papers

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  1. SN1987A Constraints of Light $\boldsymbol{Z'}$ with Non-Mixing Polarisations

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  2. New Gauge Forces, Neutron Stars and Schwinger Neutrino Production

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