Pith. sign in

REVIEW 21 cited by

A universal threshold for primordial black hole formation

Not yet reviewed by Pith; the record is open.

This paper has not been read by Pith yet. Machine review is queued; the pith claim, tier, and objections will appear here once it completes.

SPECIMEN: schema-true, not a live event

T0 review · schema-true

One-sentence machine reading of the paper's core claim.

pith:XXXXXXXX · record.json · timestamp

arxiv 1907.13311 v3 pith:BXPBLHYV submitted 2019-07-31 gr-qc astro-ph.COhep-th

A universal threshold for primordial black hole formation

classification gr-qc astro-ph.COhep-th
keywords compactionfunctionthresholdblackmaximumamplitudeaveragedcurvature
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal T4 reserved
0 comments
read the original abstract

In this letter, we argue and show numerically that the threshold to form primordial black holes from an initial spherically symmetric perturbation is, to an excellent approximation, universal, whenever given in terms of the compaction function averaged over a sphere of radius $r_m$, where $r_m$ is the scale on which the compaction function is maximum. This can be understood as the requirement that, for a black hole to form, each shell of the averaged compaction function should have an amplitude exceeding the so-called Harada-Yoo-Kohri limit. For a radiation dominated universe we argued, supported by the numerical simulations, that this limit is $\delta_c = 0.40$, which is slightly below the one quoted in the literature. Additionally, we show that the profile dependence of the threshold for the compaction function is only sensitive to its curvature at the maximum. We use these results to provide an analytic formula for the threshold amplitude of the compaction function at its maximum in terms of the normalised compaction function curvature at $r_m$.

discussion (0)

Sign in with ORCID, Apple, or X to comment. Anyone can read and Pith papers without signing in.

Forward citations

Cited by 21 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score.

  1. Constraints on the Primordial Black Hole Abundance using Pulsar Parameter Drifts

    astro-ph.CO 2026-04 unverdicted novelty 8.0

    The first search for scalar-induced gravitational waves via pulsar parameter drifts yields f_PBH < 10^{-10} (95% CL) for PBH masses 0.3 to 4e4 solar masses, strongly disfavoring a primordial black hole origin for LVK ...

  2. The statistics of curvature-profile dispersion in primordial black hole formation

    astro-ph.CO 2026-07 conditional novelty 7.0

    Rare coherent shape deformations of primordial curvature profiles can dominate primordial black hole abundance by lowering the collapse threshold enough to overcome their Gaussian statistical cost.

  3. Compaction function in stochastic inflation: a \texttt{FOREST} of type I and II primordial black holes

    astro-ph.CO 2026-06 unverdicted novelty 7.0

    Stochastic binary tree method computes compaction function in inflation to distinguish type I/II PBH fluctuations, finding broader mass distributions and type-II dominance in quantum regimes of a toy model.

  4. Are Primordial Black Holes a Natural Dark Matter Candidate?

    hep-ph 2026-06 unverdicted novelty 7.0

    PBH dark matter spans all naturalness tiers, with some mechanisms as natural as WIMPs or freeze-in particles, determined by abundance map structure rather than candidate type.

  5. Carr criterion and mass gaps in non-singular primordial black hole formation

    gr-qc 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 7.0

    Non-singular gravity with regulator ℓ induces a PBH mass gap ~c²ℓ/G and a stronger Carr criterion δ_H > 2GM_gap/R_H - 1 when R_H ~ ℓ.

  6. Gravitational Waves from Black Hole Reheating: The Scalar-Induced Component

    hep-ph 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 7.0

    Accounting for the minimal mass spread of primordial black holes from gravitational collapse suppresses the Poltergeist GW background to the level of generic scalar-induced signals and reopens ultra-light PBH parameter space.

  7. PBHs and GWs from Scaling Monopoles

    hep-ph 2026-06 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    Scaling monopoles generate PBHs via stochastic overdensities and GWs with correlated spectra, potentially with magnetically charged PBHs as a signature if the scaling ends via gauge boson mass.

  8. Reheating as a variational probe of cosmological observables

    astro-ph.CO 2026-06 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    Reheating is formulated as a regularized variational problem in equation-of-state space whose extremal histories are selected by different cosmological observables.

  9. The Gravitational Spectral Radio Forest: A Signature of Primordial Black Holes

    gr-qc 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    Asteroid-mass primordial black holes induce a Riemann tidal splitting of the 2P_{3/2} hydrogen state, turning the 9.9 GHz line into a ~2 GHz bandwidth gravitational spectral radio forest in H II regions with accretion...

  10. Isotropy, anisotropies and non-Gaussianity in the scalar-induced gravitational-wave background: diagrammatic approach for primordial non-Gaussianity up to arbitrary order

    astro-ph.CO 2025-05 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    Extends diagrammatic approach for scalar-induced gravitational waves to arbitrary-order local PNG, deriving semi-analytic spectra for energy density, anisotropies, bispectrum and trispectrum up to quartic terms.

  11. Curvature Perturbations from First-Order Phase Transitions: Implications to Black Holes and Gravitational Waves

    hep-ph 2025-03 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    Covariant analysis of curvature perturbations from first-order phase transitions reveals gauge-dependent overestimation of primordial black holes and gravitational waves in prior non-covariant calculations, leading to...

  12. Primordial Black Holes from Slow Phase Transitions with Delayed Reheating: A Peak-Theory Approach

    hep-ph 2026-06 unverdicted novelty 5.0

    PBH production from slow phase transitions with delayed reheating is modeled via peak theory and Monte Carlo simulations, showing extreme sensitivity to reheating efficiency and potential to explain all dark matter.

  13. The Magnetic Origin of Primordial Black Holes: Ultralight PBHs and Secondary GWs

    astro-ph.CO 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 5.0

    Inflationary magnetic fields induce curvature perturbations that form ultralight PBHs, generating a stochastic GW background with model-specific features.

  14. Primordial black hole dark matter from axion inflation

    astro-ph.CO 2026-04 unverdicted novelty 5.0

    PBHs generated by axion inflation with gauge-field coupling can comprise all dark matter in the asteroidal mass range while producing a LISA-measurable stochastic GW background.

  15. Thermodynamical uncertainties for primordial black holes from cosmological phase transitions

    hep-ph 2025-06 unverdicted novelty 5.0

    A state-of-the-art thermodynamic analysis of supercooled phase transitions yields a universal lower bound β/H_* ≃ 5 and shows that viable PBH dark-matter parameter space in classically conformal gauge-Higgs theories i...

  16. Primordial black holes and magnetic fields in conformal neutrino mass models

    hep-ph 2025-05 unverdicted novelty 5.0

    Conformal U(1)' seesaw models produce PBHs contributing to dark matter and helical magnetic fields at seesaw scales of 10^4-10^11 GeV, with observable GW, microlensing, and Hawking signals at LISA, Roman, and future g...

  17. Numerical simulations of density perturbation and gravitational wave production from cosmological first-order phase transition

    hep-ph 2025-02 unverdicted novelty 5.0

    3D simulations of cosmological first-order phase transitions find density perturbation spectra with k^3 and k^{-1.5} slopes and GW spectra with k^3 and k^{-2}, confirming slow transitions can produce PBHs.

  18. Constraints on Primordial Black Holes

    astro-ph.CO 2020-02 accept novelty 4.0

    Updated compilation shows PBHs are tightly constrained across 55 orders of magnitude in mass, ruling out dominant dark matter contributions except in narrow windows, with many limits carrying observational uncertainties.

  19. Primordial Black Holes: A Review of Formation and Evolution

    gr-qc 2026-06 unverdicted novelty 3.0

    Review of PBH formation via compaction function and relativistic thresholds in FLRW backgrounds, arguing that memory burden and curvature corrections halt evaporation to leave Planck-scale relics.

  20. Primordial Black Holes as Dark Matter: Recent Developments

    astro-ph.CO 2020-06 unverdicted novelty 3.0

    Primordial black holes in specific mass ranges could account for some or all dark matter while resolving structure-formation and seed problems in standard cosmology.

  21. Scalar induced gravitational waves review

    gr-qc 2021-09 unverdicted novelty 2.0

    A review that unifies analytical expressions for scalar-induced gravitational waves and emphasizes calculations for non-radiation-dominated cosmologies.