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CoWs on Pasture: Baselines and Benchmarks for Language-Driven Zero-Shot Object Navigation

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arxiv 2203.10421 v2 pith:BXZBWNLX submitted 2022-03-20 cs.CV cs.LGcs.RO

classification cs.CVcs.LGcs.RO
keywords objectsnavigationbaselinesdescribedlanguage-drivenobjectpasturezero-shot
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal
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For robots to be generally useful, they must be able to find arbitrary objects described by people (i.e., be language-driven) even without expensive navigation training on in-domain data (i.e., perform zero-shot inference). We explore these capabilities in a unified setting: language-driven zero-shot object navigation (L-ZSON). Inspired by the recent success of open-vocabulary models for image classification, we investigate a straightforward framework, CLIP on Wheels (CoW), to adapt open-vocabulary models to this task without fine-tuning. To better evaluate L-ZSON, we introduce the Pasture benchmark, which considers finding uncommon objects, objects described by spatial and appearance attributes, and hidden objects described relative to visible objects. We conduct an in-depth empirical study by directly deploying 21 CoW baselines across Habitat, RoboTHOR, and Pasture. In total, we evaluate over 90k navigation episodes and find that (1) CoW baselines often struggle to leverage language descriptions, but are proficient at finding uncommon objects. (2) A simple CoW, with CLIP-based object localization and classical exploration -- and no additional training -- matches the navigation efficiency of a state-of-the-art ZSON method trained for 500M steps on Habitat MP3D data. This same CoW provides a 15.6 percentage point improvement in success over a state-of-the-art RoboTHOR ZSON model.

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Cited by 7 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. Full citation record

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  3. CAST: Counterfactual Labels Improve Instruction Following in Vision-Language-Action Models

    cs.RO 2025-08 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    Counterfactual language-action relabeling raises instruction-following success from about 26% to 53% in real-world navigation tests.

  4. N2M: Bridging Navigation and Manipulation by Learning Pose Preference from Rollout

    cs.RO 2025-09 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    N2M predicts preferable base poses for manipulation policies from ego-centric point clouds, learned from rollouts, lifting success from 3% to 54% in the PnPCounterToCab task.

  5. CogDDN: A Cognitive Demand-Driven Navigation with Decision Optimization and Dual-Process Thinking

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    CogDDN uses a fast heuristic VLM paired with a slow analytic reflection process and a growing knowledge base to navigate to objects that implicitly satisfy a user's demand, with large reported gains on AI2Thor DDN benchmarks.

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