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Reducing Hallucinations in Vision-Language Models via Latent Space Steering
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Reducing Hallucinations in Vision-Language Models via Latent Space Steering
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Hallucination poses a challenge to the deployment of large vision-language models (LVLMs) in applications. Unlike in large language models (LLMs), hallucination in LVLMs often arises from misalignments between visual inputs and textual outputs. This paper investigates the underlying mechanisms of hallucination, focusing on the unique structure of LVLMs that distinguishes them from large language models (LLMs). We identify that hallucinations often arise from the sensitivity of text decoders to vision inputs, a natural phenomenon when image encoders and text decoders are pre-trained separately. Inspired by this, we introduce Visual and Textual Intervention (VTI), a novel technique designed to reduce hallucinations by steering latent space representations during inference to enhance the stability of vision features. As a task-agnostic test-time intervention, VTI can be easily applied to any problem without additional cost. Extensive experiments demonstrate that it can effectively reduce hallucinations and outperform baseline methods across multiple metrics, highlighting the critical role of vision feature stability in LVLMs.
Forward citations
Cited by 8 Pith papers
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Prefill-Time Intervention for Mitigating Hallucination in Large Vision-Language Models
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Introduces a benchmark for MLLM-based chart data extraction from unlabeled images and a human-centered training framework that reaches SOTA numerical accuracy with a 7B model.
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Causal Probing for Internal Visual Representations in Multimodal Large Language Models
Activation steering reveals localized encoding for entities versus distributed encoding for abstract concepts in MLLMs, identifying depth as key for the latter and a perception-reasoning disconnect.
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CAST: Mitigating Object Hallucination in Large Vision-Language Models via Caption-Guided Visual Attention Steering
CAST reduces object hallucination in LVLMs by 6.03% on average across five models and five benchmarks by identifying caption-sensitive attention heads and applying optimized steering directions to their outputs, with ...
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When Prompts Override Vision: Prompt-Induced Hallucinations in LVLMs
Hallucinations in LVLMs largely arise from textual priors in prompts, and can be reduced by fine-tuning with preference optimization on grounded vs. hallucinated response pairs.
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HypEHR: Hyperbolic Modeling of Electronic Health Records for Efficient Question Answering
HypEHR is a hyperbolic embedding model for EHR data that uses Lorentzian geometry and hierarchy-aware pretraining to answer clinical questions nearly as well as large language models but with much smaller size.
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Mitigating Hallucinations in Large Vision-Language Models without Performance Degradation
MPD reduces hallucinations in LVLMs by 23.4% while retaining 97.4% of general capability through semantic disentanglement and selective parameter updates.
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The Latent Space: Foundation, Evolution, Mechanism, Ability, and Outlook
A large survey organizes latent-space work in language-based models by foundation, evolution, four mechanisms, seven abilities, and open challenges.
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