Pith. sign in

REVIEW 8 cited by

TheoremLlama: Transforming General-Purpose LLMs into Lean4 Experts

Not yet reviewed by Pith; the record is open.

This paper has not been read by Pith yet. Machine review is queued; the pith claim, tier, and objections will appear here once it completes.

SPECIMEN: schema-true, not a live event

T0 review · schema-true

One-sentence machine reading of the paper's core claim.

pith:XXXXXXXX · record.json · timestamp

arxiv 2407.03203 v2 pith:EFFH2QNI submitted 2024-07-03 cs.FL cs.AI

TheoremLlama: Transforming General-Purpose LLMs into Lean4 Experts

classification cs.FL cs.AI
keywords datasetformalllmsproofstheoremllamalean4methodaligned
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal T4 reserved
0 comments
read the original abstract

Proving mathematical theorems using computer-verifiable formal languages like Lean significantly impacts mathematical reasoning. One approach to formal theorem proving involves generating complete proofs using Large Language Models (LLMs) based on Natural Language (NL) proofs. However, due to the scarcity of aligned NL and Formal Language (FL) theorem-proving data most modern LLMs exhibit suboptimal performance.This scarcity results in a paucity of methodologies for training LLMs and techniques to fully utilize their capabilities in composing formal proofs. To address these challenges, this paper proposes TheoremLlama, an end-to-end framework that trains a general-purpose LLM to be a Lean4 expert. TheoremLlama includes NL-FL dataset generation and bootstrapping method to obtain aligned dataset, curriculum learning and block training techniques to train the model, and iterative proof writing method to write Lean4 proofs that work together synergistically. Using the dataset generation method in TheoremLlama, we provide Open Bootstrapped Theorems (OBT), an NL-FL aligned and bootstrapped dataset. Our novel NL-FL bootstrapping method, where NL proofs are integrated into Lean4 code for training datasets, leverages the NL reasoning ability of LLMs for formal reasoning. The TheoremLlama framework achieves cumulative accuracies of 36.48% and 33.61% on MiniF2F-Valid and Test datasets respectively, surpassing the GPT-4 baseline of 22.95% and 25.41%. Our code, model checkpoints, and the generated dataset is published in GitHub

discussion (0)

Sign in with ORCID, Apple, or X to comment. Anyone can read and Pith papers without signing in.

Forward citations

Cited by 8 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score.

  1. TheoremBench: Evaluating LLMs on Theorem Proving in Formal Mathematics

    cs.AI 2026-06 unverdicted novelty 8.0

    TheoremBench is a Lean4 benchmark of classical theorems in main and premised forms that evaluates LLM provers on partial progress, coverage, and token efficiency rather than binary success on competition problems.

  2. Beyond the Library: An Agentic Framework for Autoformalizing Research Mathematics

    cs.AI 2026-06 conditional novelty 7.0

    Agentic LLM framework autoformalizes 32 Putnam problems and main theorems plus proofs from five STOC papers into Lean 4, with two proofs using only kernel axioms.

  3. Beyond the Library: An Agentic Framework for Autoformalizing Research Mathematics

    cs.AI 2026-06 accept novelty 7.0

    An orchestrator-driven agentic pipeline using general coding LLMs autoformalizes 32 PutnamBench problems and the main theorems plus proofs from five STOC papers into Lean 4, with two proofs using only the kernel.

  4. Goedel-Architect: Streamlining Formal Theorem Proving with Blueprint Generation and Refinement

    cs.AI 2026-06 conditional novelty 7.0

    Goedel-Architect introduces blueprint generation and iterative refinement for Lean 4 theorem proving, reaching 99.2% on MiniF2F-test and 75.6% on PutnamBench with DeepSeek-V4-Flash.

  5. RAG over Thinking Traces Can Improve Reasoning Tasks

    cs.IR 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 7.0

    Retrieving structured thinking traces as a corpus improves reasoning performance on AIME, LiveCodeBench, and GPQA over standard RAG or no retrieval.

  6. LiveFMBench: Unveiling the Power and Limits of Agentic Workflows in Specification Generation

    cs.SE 2026-05 conditional novelty 7.0

    LiveFMBench shows that direct LLM prompting for C program formal specs overestimates accuracy by ~20% due to unfaithful behaviors like deceiving provers, while agentic workflows help under low sampling but overall per...

  7. From Solvers to Research: Large Language Model-Driven Formal Mathematics at the Research Frontier

    cs.CL 2026-07 accept novelty 6.0

    LLM formal provers must shift from competition solvers to research agents that handle open-ended, under-specified frontier mathematics under machine-checked rigor.

  8. RAG over Thinking Traces Can Improve Reasoning Tasks

    cs.IR 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    RAG over structured thinking traces boosts LLM reasoning on AIME, LiveCodeBench, and GPQA, with relative gains up to 56% and little added cost.