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The Cosmic Triangle: Revealing the State of the Universe

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arxiv astro-ph/9906463 v4 pith:G25LHGI6 submitted 1999-06-29 astro-ph hep-phhep-th

The Cosmic Triangle: Revealing the State of the Universe

classification astro-ph hep-phhep-th
keywords universecosmicmattertriangleexpansionflatacceleratingacceleration
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal T4 reserved
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The "cosmic triangle" is introduced as a way of representing the past, present, and future status of the universe. Our current location within the cosmic triangle is determined by the answers to three questions: How much matter is in the universe? Is the expansion rate slowing down or speeding up? And, is the universe flat? A review of recent observations suggests a universe that is lightweight (matter density about one-third the critical value), is accelerating, and is flat. The acceleration implies the existence of cosmic dark energy that overcomes the gravitational self-attraction of matter and causes the expansion to speed up.

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Cited by 4 Pith papers

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  3. Constraints on Ultralight Scalar and Dark Photon Dark Matter from PPTA-DR3 and EPTA-DR2

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    Bayesian analysis of PPTA-DR3 and EPTA-DR2 finds no statistically significant ULDM signals and sets 95% CL upper limits on scalar and dark photon dark matter, improving prior bounds in most mass ranges.

  4. Tracing Ultra Light Axions in Post-reionization, Lyman-$\alpha$ and CMB Missions

    astro-ph.CO 2026-06 unverdicted novelty 3.0

    Fisher forecasts indicate joint post-reionization LSS cross-spectra and CMB-S4-like data can reach O(10^{-4}) uncertainty on ultra-light axion fraction for m_a ≲ 10^{-28} eV, with peak sensitivity near 10^{-25} eV.