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Breaking Agents: Compromising Autonomous LLM Agents Through Malfunction Amplification

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arxiv 2407.20859 v1 pith:GI7PFT63 submitted 2024-07-30 cs.CR cs.LG

Breaking Agents: Compromising Autonomous LLM Agents Through Malfunction Amplification

classification cs.CR cs.LG
keywords agentsactionsattacksautonomousagentapplicationsassociatedattack
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal T4 reserved
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Recently, autonomous agents built on large language models (LLMs) have experienced significant development and are being deployed in real-world applications. These agents can extend the base LLM's capabilities in multiple ways. For example, a well-built agent using GPT-3.5-Turbo as its core can outperform the more advanced GPT-4 model by leveraging external components. More importantly, the usage of tools enables these systems to perform actions in the real world, moving from merely generating text to actively interacting with their environment. Given the agents' practical applications and their ability to execute consequential actions, it is crucial to assess potential vulnerabilities. Such autonomous systems can cause more severe damage than a standalone language model if compromised. While some existing research has explored harmful actions by LLM agents, our study approaches the vulnerability from a different perspective. We introduce a new type of attack that causes malfunctions by misleading the agent into executing repetitive or irrelevant actions. We conduct comprehensive evaluations using various attack methods, surfaces, and properties to pinpoint areas of susceptibility. Our experiments reveal that these attacks can induce failure rates exceeding 80\% in multiple scenarios. Through attacks on implemented and deployable agents in multi-agent scenarios, we accentuate the realistic risks associated with these vulnerabilities. To mitigate such attacks, we propose self-examination detection methods. However, our findings indicate these attacks are difficult to detect effectively using LLMs alone, highlighting the substantial risks associated with this vulnerability.

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Forward citations

Cited by 11 Pith papers

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    Prompt injection attacks can self-replicate across LLM agents in multi-agent systems, enabling data theft, misinformation, and system disruption while propagating silently.

  2. Enhancing Agent Safety Judgment: Controlled Benchmark Rewriting and Analogical Reasoning for Deceptive Out-of-Distribution Scenarios

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  3. A Systematic Survey of Security Threats and Defenses in LLM-Based AI Agents: A Layered Attack Surface Framework

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  4. Breaking MCP with Function Hijacking Attacks: Novel Threats for Function Calling and Agentic Models

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    A novel function hijacking attack achieves 70-100% success rates in forcing specific function calls across five LLMs on the BFCL benchmark and is robust to context semantics.

  5. Agent Security Needs Redefinition through a Holistic Framework

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