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Self-Challenging Language Model Agents
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Self-Challenging Language Model Agents
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Large language models are quickly becoming the foundation for intelligent agents that are capable of using tools. However, training such agents is challenging because it requires human creation and annotation of a diverse set of tasks, tools, and evaluation criteria. In this paper, we propose the Self-Challenging framework for training an agent on high-quality tasks that are generated by itself. The agent first plays the role of challenger and generates a task after interacting with the given tools. The tasks take the form of a novel general class of problems termed Code-as-Task, which are defined by an instruction, a verification function and solution and failure cases which serve as tests, allowing to filter only for high-quality tasks. The agent then takes an executor role and trains on those tasks with reinforcement learning using the evaluation feedback as a reward. Evaluation on two existing multi-turn tool-use agent benchmarks, M3ToolEval and TauBench, shows the Self-Challenging framework achieves over a two-fold improvement in Llama-3.1-8B-Instruct, despite using only self-generated training data.
Forward citations
Cited by 12 Pith papers
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SENTINEL: Failure-Driven Reinforcement Learning for Training Tool-Using Language Model Agents
SENTINEL generates targeted tasks from model failures in a Controller-Proposer-Solver loop, raising Pass^1 from 66.4 to 74.9 on Tau2-Bench Retail and outperforming standard RL.
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Autodata: An agentic data scientist to create high quality synthetic data
An agentic weak–strong Self-Instruct loop, optionally meta-optimized, produces synthetic data that trains small models better than standard CoT Self-Instruct across three domains.
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Autodata: An agentic data scientist to create high quality synthetic data
Autodata trains meta-optimized AI agents to generate superior synthetic datasets, yielding performance gains over classical methods on CS research, legal, and math reasoning tasks.
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Autodata: An agentic data scientist to create high quality synthetic data
Autodata introduces an agentic method with meta-optimization to create higher-quality synthetic data, yielding performance gains over standard methods on CS, legal, and math tasks.
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PROTON: Prototype-Based Test-Time Online OOD Detection for Medical VLMs
PROTON is a test-time online OOD detection module for medical VLMs that maintains a prototype bank from confident predictions and adaptively combines prototype distance with MCM scoring via variance statistics, improv...
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BenchEvolver: Frontier Task Synthesis via Solution-Centric Evolution
BenchEvolver evolves coding problem solutions to generate harder, valid tasks, producing LiveCodeBench-Plus where frontier models score 27.5-62.6% and enabling RL gains on held-out tests.
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unix-ctf: Procedural Environments for Unix-Competence Reinforcement Learning
unix-ctf procedurally generates 656 Unix CTF tasks across 155 techniques; fine-tuning Qwen3-8B on them raises solve rate from 11.6% to 43.6% on a 15-skill holdout and yields +33 pp in Forensics on InterCode-CTF.
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G-Zero: Self-Play for Open-Ended Generation from Zero Data
G-Zero uses the Hint-δ intrinsic reward to drive co-evolution between a Proposer and Generator via GRPO and DPO, providing a theoretical suboptimality guarantee for self-improvement from internal dynamics alone.
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Bootstrapping Post-training Signals for Open-ended Tasks via Rubric-based Self-play on Pre-training Text
POP bootstraps post-training signals for open-ended LLM tasks by synthesizing rubrics during self-play on pretraining corpus, yielding performance gains on Qwen-2.5-7B across healthcare QA, creative writing, and instr...
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Training LLM Agents for Spontaneous, Reward-Free Self-Evolution via World Knowledge Exploration
LLM agents trained with a task-success reward on self-generated knowledge can spontaneously explore and adapt to new environments without any rewards or instructions at inference, yielding 20% gains on web tasks and a...
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Help Without Being Asked: A Deployed Proactive Agent System for On-Call Support with Continuous Self-Improvement
Vigil deploys a proactive agent for full on-call lifecycle support with autonomous self-improvement from human-resolved cases.
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Internalizing the Future: A Unified Agentic Training Paradigm for World Model Planning
A three-stage training pipeline internalizes world-model simulation and success estimation in LLM agents for improved planning on search and math tasks.
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