REVIEW 22 cited by
The Entropy of Dynamical Black Holes
Not yet reviewed by Pith; the record is open.
This paper has not been read by Pith yet. Machine review is queued; the pith claim, tier, and objections will appear here once it completes.
SPECIMEN: schema-true, not a live event
T0 review · schema-true
One-sentence machine reading of the paper's core claim.
pith:XXXXXXXX · record.json · timestamp
The Entropy of Dynamical Black Holes
read the original abstract
We propose a new formula for the entropy of a dynamical black hole$-$valid to leading order for perturbations off of a stationary black hole background$-$in an arbitrary classical diffeomorphism covariant Lagrangian theory of gravity in $n$ dimensions. In stationary eras, this formula agrees with the usual Noether charge formula, but in nonstationary eras, we obtain a nontrivial correction term. In general relativity, our formula for the entropy of a dynamical black hole is $1/4$ of the horizon area plus a term involving the integral of the expansion of the null generators of the horizon, which we show is $1/4$ of the area of the apparent horizon to leading order. Our formula for entropy in a general theory of gravity obeys a "local physical process version" of the first law of black hole thermodynamics. For first order perturbations sourced by external matter that satisfies the null energy condition, our entropy obeys the second law of black hole thermodynamics. For vacuum perturbations, the second law is obeyed at leading order if and only if the "modified canonical energy flux" is positive (as is the case in general relativity but presumably would not hold in general theories). We obtain a general relationship between our formula for the entropy of a dynamical black hole and a formula proposed independently by Dong and by Wall. We then consider the generalized second law in semiclassical gravity for first order perturbations of a stationary black hole. We show that the validity of the quantum null energy condition (QNEC) on a Killing horizon is equivalent to the generalized second law using our notion of black hole entropy but using a modified notion of von Neumann entropy for matter. On the other hand, the generalized second law for the Dong-Wall entropy is equivalent to an integrated version of QNEC, using the unmodified von Neumann entropy for the entropy of matter.
Forward citations
Cited by 22 Pith papers
-
Trapped Surface as a Cosmic Censor
A trapped-surface criterion, derived under null convergence and generic conditions, rules out superextremal Reissner-Nordström, Kerr-Newman, and related final states in overcharging thought experiments without using a...
-
The BEF Symplectic Form: A Lagrangian Perspective
The BEF symplectic form is derived from L∞-Lagrangians via covariant phase space methods and coincides with the Barnich-Brandt form for second-order equations of motion.
-
Thermodynamics of dynamical black holes beyond perturbation theory
The authors derive non-perturbative first and second laws for dynamical black holes, identifying entropy with the area of local marginally trapped surfaces rather than the global event horizon.
-
Holography in the linearized quantum gravity regime and modular crossed product
At linearized order, the vacuum-subtracted HRT entropy of a boundary region is the entropy of a coherent graviton state in the modular crossed-product algebra of the dual CFT, assuming a wedge-reconstructing holographic map.
-
Gravitational Memory Beyond Null Infinity through Finite-Distance Carrollian Screens
Finite-distance null screens carry a Carrollian memory whose leading tracefree large-radius part reproduces the standard Bondi displacement memory in Robinson–Trautman spacetimes.
-
Covariant phase space approach to noncommutativity in tensile and tensionless open strings
Covariant phase space analysis shows tensionless open strings in constant Kalb-Ramond background have purely boundary-supported phase space with noncommutative endpoint coordinates, recovering Seiberg-Witten noncommut...
-
The BEF Symplectic Form: A Lagrangian Perspective
The BEF symplectic form for L∞ field theories is derived from a Lagrangian and shown to equal the Barnich–Brandt form for second-order equations of motion.
-
Thermodynamics of dynamical black holes beyond perturbation theory
Quasi-local dynamical horizons admit a first law for finite, far-from-equilibrium processes and a quantitative second law tying area growth to energy fluxes, so black-hole entropy is the area of marginally trapped surfaces.
-
Black hole thermodynamics at null infinity. Part 2: Open systems, Markovian dynamics and work extraction from non-rotating black holes
Null-infinity black hole thermodynamics is recast as Markovian open-system thermodynamics, with chemical-potential terms identified as extractable work and used to formulate generalized grand-potential laws for Schwar...
-
Thermodynamics of Black Holes, far from Equilibrium
The paper derives finite, physical-process versions of the first and second laws of black hole thermodynamics for dynamical horizon segments, extending the first law to black holes arbitrarily far from equilibrium.
-
Covariant phase space and the semi-classical Einstein equation
A semi-classical symplectic two-form is defined as the sum of the gravitational symplectic form and the Berry curvature of the quantum matter state; it is shown to be independent of the Cauchy slice and to satisfy a q...
-
Zeroth law of black hole thermodynamics for higher derivative Proca theories
The zeroth law of black hole thermodynamics holds to all perturbative orders for higher curvature Einstein-Proca effective field theories.
-
A comparison of two constructions for dynamical corrections to Wald entropy
For small perturbations, the dynamical entropy S_dyn and Wall's entropy S_Wall satisfy S_dyn = (1-v∂_v)S_Wall, and this paper gives a local algorithm that reconstructs S_Wall from S_dyn once a bifurcation-surface cond...
-
Dynamical Entropy Is a Noether Charge
A Noether-charge derivation of the known HWZ dynamical entropy for generic null surfaces, whose local second-law proof is invalid as printed because Eq. (19) has the wrong sign in K.
-
The entropy of black hole under second-order deviation from equilibrium
At second order in perturbations of a stationary black hole with bifurcate Killing horizon, entropy equals apparent horizon area under the null energy condition and obeys the second law via a new balance law in covari...
-
Holographic pressure and volume for black holes
Introduces a holographic pressure and volume for static spherically symmetric black holes via quasi-local thermodynamics, showing large black holes become extensive in the large-system limit while small ones do not.
-
Black hole thermodynamics at null infinity. Part 1: Dual Generalized Second Law
At future null infinity, the generalized second law for a Schwarzschild black hole becomes the monotonic decrease of a free energy, or grand potential, constructed from the Bondi mass and angular-mode chemical potentials.
-
Gravitational Entropy
Gravitational entropy of horizons is reformulated as a Noether charge from a specially normalized null generator, reproducing the area law for black hole and cosmological horizons without invoking temperature.
-
Entanglement Entropy and Thermodynamics of Dynamical Black Holes
In f(R) theories, the replica-method gravitational entropy computed on the apparent horizon matches the Hollands-Wald-Zhang dynamical black hole entropy and satisfies the first law, while the event horizon does not; t...
-
Semi-classical spacetime thermodynamics
Derives semi-classical gravity from thermodynamics of stretched light cones in 2D dilaton gravity with explicit conformal anomaly backreaction and shows equations of motion follow from dynamical Wald entropy in Brans-...
-
The entropy of black hole under second-order deviation from equilibrium
The entropy of a dynamical black hole equals the area of its apparent horizon at second order in perturbations when the null energy condition holds.
-
GGI lectures on boundary and asymptotic symmetries
A lecture-note review of boundary and asymptotic symmetries that re-derives the BMS group as the asymptotic symmetry group of Minkowski spacetime alone and constructs an integral Hamiltonian generator for scalar-field...
discussion (0)
Sign in with ORCID, Apple, or X to comment. Anyone can read and Pith papers without signing in.