Pith. sign in

REVIEW 6 cited by

Starting the Universe: Stable Violation of the Null Energy Condition and Non-standard Cosmologies

Not yet reviewed by Pith; the record is open.

This paper has not been read by Pith yet. Machine review is queued; the pith claim, tier, and objections will appear here once it completes.

SPECIMEN: schema-true, not a live event

T0 review · schema-true

One-sentence machine reading of the paper's core claim.

pith:XXXXXXXX · record.json · timestamp

arxiv hep-th/0606090 v2 pith:JZ6T7N74 submitted 2006-06-12 hep-th astro-phgr-qchep-ph

Starting the Universe: Stable Violation of the Null Energy Condition and Non-standard Cosmologies

classification hep-th astro-phgr-qchep-ph
keywords modelconstructeffectivetheoryuniverseconditioncosmologicalenergy
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal T4 reserved
0 comments
read the original abstract

We present a consistent effective theory that violates the null energy condition (NEC) without developing any instabilities or other pathological features. The model is the ghost condensate with the global shift symmetry softly broken by a potential. We show that this system can drive a cosmological expansion with dH/dt > 0. Demanding the absence of instabilities in this model requires dH/dt <~ H^2. We then construct a general low-energy effective theory that describes scalar fluctuations about an arbitrary FRW background, and argue that the qualitative features found in our model are very general for stable systems that violate the NEC. Violating the NEC allows dramatically non-standard cosmological histories. To illustrate this, we construct an explicit model in which the expansion of our universe originates from an asymptotically flat state in the past, smoothing out the big-bang singularity within control of a low-energy effective theory. This gives an interesting alternative to standard inflation for solving the horizon problem. We also construct models in which the present acceleration has w < -1; a periodic ever-expanding universe and a model with a smooth ``bounce'' connecting a contracting and expanding phase.

discussion (0)

Sign in with ORCID, Apple, or X to comment. Anyone can read and Pith papers without signing in.

Forward citations

Cited by 6 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score.

  1. New exact bispectrum shapes in multifield inflation

    hep-th 2026-07 conditional novelty 8.0

    Exact analytic bispectrum shapes are derived for multifield inflation at arbitrary quadratic mixing strength, showing a strong-mixing collider signal with frequency μ_eff = sqrt(m²/H² + λ² − 9/4).

  2. Searching for Folded Primordial Non-Gaussianity with Galaxy Surveys

    astro-ph.CO 2026-07 conditional novelty 7.0

    The galaxy bispectrum, not the power spectrum, is the main probe of folded primordial non-Gaussianity; narrow folded signals are washed out by Fourier-space binning.

  3. Defocusing dark energy: Raychaudhuri diagnostics beyond $w<-1/3$ and the phantom divide

    gr-qc 2026-07 accept novelty 6.0

    For sign-changing effective dark energy, smooth negative-to-positive density crossings make ρ+3p and ρ+p the correct diagnostics, give w=p/ρ a universal pole n(1+z†)/3, and force repulsion onset z_rep>z† while ρ<0.

  4. Visual Prompt Discovery via Semantic Exploration

    cs.CV 2026-03 unverdicted novelty 5.0

    SEVEX explores abstract visual-prompt ideas with novelty-guided agent experiments and reports large gains on BlindTest and BLINK over baselines.

  5. EFT of Dark Energy with Cosmic Chronometers: Reconstructing Background EFT Functions

    astro-ph.CO 2025-12 unverdicted novelty 4.0

    Reconstruction of EFT background functions from cosmic chronometer Hubble data allows model-independent tests of dark energy evolution in scalar-tensor theories.

  6. Lectures on Open Systems and Cosmology

    hep-th 2026-07 unverdicted novelty 1.0

    A pedagogical review that presents the density-matrix/master-equation formalism and the Schwinger–Keldysh path integral in one notation and applies them to inflation; it claims no new result.