Hot QCD White Paper
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Hot QCD physics studies the nuclear strong force under extreme temperature and densities. Experimentally these conditions are achieved via high-energy collisions of heavy ions at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) and the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). In the past decade, a unique and substantial suite of data was collected at RHIC and the LHC, probing hydrodynamics at the nucleon scale, the temperature dependence of the transport properties of quark-gluon plasma, the phase diagram of nuclear matter, the interaction of quarks and gluons at different scales and much more. This document, as part of the 2023 nuclear science long range planning process, was written to review the progress in hot QCD since the 2015 Long Range Plan for Nuclear Science, as well as highlight the realization of previous recommendations, and present opportunities for the next decade, building on the accomplishments and investments made in theoretical developments and the construction of new detectors. Furthermore, this document provides additional context to support the recommendations voted on at the Joint Hot and Cold QCD Town Hall Meeting, which are reported in a separate document.
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Forward citations
Cited by 14 Pith papers
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Spin Femtoscopy: A Framework for Revealing Genuine Spin Correlations
Spin femtoscopy is proposed to separate genuine two-particle spin correlations from quantum statistics and final-state interaction effects via spin-sensitive correlation functions on Lambda pairs.
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Tilted geometry of the pion emission source in Au+Au collisions in the RHIC Beam Energy Scan
The pion emission source in Au+Au collisions is tilted with magnitude decreasing rapidly as collision energy rises from 7.7 to 27 GeV, indicating departure from longitudinal boost invariance.
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Modeling $\Lambda$ polarization in Au$+$Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}=200$ GeV using relativistic spin hydrodynamics
A (1+1+2)D relativistic spin hydrodynamics model with transverse expansion and longitudinal spin acceleration reproduces the observed quadrupole pattern in longitudinal Lambda polarization for Au+Au collisions at 200 GeV.
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Full energy fraction and angular dependence of medium-induced splittings in the large-$N_c$ limit
In large-Nc and harmonic oscillator limits, medium-induced splittings are computed analytically double-differential in z and θ, with an improved semi-hard approximation validated for high-energy partons.
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Modeling $\Lambda$ polarization in Au$+$Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}=200$ GeV using relativistic spin hydrodynamics
A (1+1+2)D spin hydrodynamics model with longitudinal spin acceleration and transverse expansion reproduces the quadrupole pattern in longitudinal Lambda polarization and matches Au+Au data at 200 GeV while predicting...
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Hydrodynamics and Energy Correlators
Energy-energy correlators in heavy-ion collisions exhibit classical hydrodynamic scaling from collective flow at large angles within the small-angle regime, collective modes at smaller angles, and light-ray OPE at eve...
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Quantum simulating multi-particle processes in high energy nuclear physics: dijet production and color (de)coherence
A framework is developed that encodes leading-order QCD antenna and dipole processes as quantum circuits, with benchmarks against analytic limits in simplified media.
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Relativistic Barnett effect and Curie law in a rigidly rotating free Fermi gas
In a rigidly rotating free Fermi gas, the relativistic Barnett effect produces different Fermi energies for spin-up and spin-down fermions, leading to a moment of inertia that scales as 1/T at high temperature, analog...
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Sequential Bayesian inference with correlated heavy-ion datasets
Factorized sequential Bayesian updates on correlated pseudo-data produce systematic deviations from the joint posterior that increase with correlation strength, while exact conditional-likelihood updates match the joi...
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Chiral first order phase transition at finite baryon density and zero temperature from self-consistent pole masses in the linear sigma model with quarks
In the two-flavor linear sigma model with quarks, the chiral phase transition at T=0 is first order and occurs at a quark chemical potential equal to the vacuum quark mass.
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Extended applicability domain of viscous anisotropic hydrodynamics in (2+1)-D Bjorken flow with transverse expansion
VAH simulations in (2+1)D Bjorken flow with transverse expansion show an extended applicability domain over standard viscous hydrodynamics when compared to relaxation-time approximation kinetic theory.
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Constraining hot and cold nuclear matter properties from heavy-ion collisions and deep-inelastic scattering
Global analysis of HERA DIS and ALICE Pb+Pb data using saturation initial-state model determines early-time non-equilibrium η/s of QGP.
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3D Initial-State Dynamics across scales: A Comparative Study of saturation and string-based descriptions
Comparison of SMASH and McDipper initial condition models shows agreement in longitudinal deposition at lower energies but substantial differences in energy and baryon deposition at higher center-of-mass energies.
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Multistage dynamical modeling of heavy-ion collisions
The paper discusses recent progress and open issues in multistage simulations connecting bulk evolution, conserved charges, strangeness, and heavy flavor to constrain QCD matter at finite density.
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