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McVittie's Legacy: Black Holes in an Expanding Universe
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We prove that a class of solutions to Einstein's equations---originally discovered by G. C. McVittie in 1933---includes regular black holes embedded in Friedman-Robertson-Walker cosmologies. If the cosmology is dominated at late times by a positive cosmological constant, the metric is regular everywhere on and outside the black hole horizon and away from the big bang singularity, and the solutions asymptote in the future and near the horizon to the Schwarzschild-de Sitter geometry. For solutions without a positive cosmological constant the would-be horizon is a weak null singularity.
Forward citations
Cited by 5 Pith papers
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Gravitational lensing time delay beyond the Shapiro/geometry split
Derivation from Schwarzschild-de Sitter null geodesics recovers the standard time-delay split as the leading small-angle term, with the first correction intrinsic to the Schwarzschild metric and adding no new cosmolog...
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Magnetized dynamical black holes
A novel exact solution describes a dynamical black hole dressed with a time-dependent scalar field and immersed in an axisymmetric time-dependent electromagnetic field, where time dependence may cloak curvature singularities.
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Dynamical black holes in the inflationary epoch
Only black holes with initial masses in a narrow range formed during inflation survive to the present day, reaching a maximum mass of approximately 1.043 times 10 to the minus 3 solar masses.
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Black Hole Persistence in Scalar Tensor Theories
A perturbative scalar-tensor construction yields an evolving horizon of size proportional to the perturbation parameter that persists through a radiation-dominated bounce but evolves asymmetrically.
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Cosmological Black hole Candidates: A Detailed Analysis of McVittie, Culetu, Sultana-Dyer, and Glass-Mashhoon Spacetimes
Analysis of trapping horizons shows McVittie and Glass-Mashhoon spacetimes lack suitable future outer trapping horizons for cosmological black holes, while Culetu and Sultana-Dyer can describe them in the matter-domin...
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