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Scalable Quantum Simulations of Scattering in Scalar Field Theory on 120 Qubits
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Simulations of collisions of fundamental particles on a quantum computer are expected to have an exponential advantage over classical methods and promise to enhance searches for new physics. Furthermore, scattering in scalar field theory has been shown to be BQP-complete, making it a representative problem for which quantum computation is efficient. As a step toward large-scale quantum simulations of collision processes, scattering of wavepackets in one-dimensional scalar field theory is simulated using 120 qubits of IBM's Heron superconducting quantum computer ibm_fez. Variational circuits compressing vacuum preparation, wavepacket initialization, and time evolution are determined using classical resources. By leveraging physical properties of states in the theory, such as symmetries and locality, the variational quantum algorithm constructs scalable circuits that can be used to simulate arbitrarily-large system sizes. A new strategy is introduced to mitigate errors in quantum simulations, which enables the extraction of meaningful results from circuits with up to 4924 two-qubit gates and two-qubit gate depths of 103. The effect of interactions is clearly seen, and is found to be in agreement with classical Matrix Product State simulations. The developments that will be necessary to simulate high-energy inelastic collisions on a quantum computer are discussed.
Forward citations
Cited by 7 Pith papers
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A quantum circuit encodes QCD colour factors and diagram interferences in a measurement probability, with permuted identical-particle diagrams generated by swap sorting networks.
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Proposed qudit circuits simulate meson-antimeson scattering in a spin-1 U(1) lattice gauge theory and remain accurate under realistic dephasing and depolarization noise.
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A matter-integrated-out reformulation of 2+1D U(1) quantum link electrodynamics is translated into explicit qudit circuits, with Trotterized simulations matching exact dynamics on small lattices.
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String Breaking Dynamics and Glueball Formation in a $2+1$D Lattice Gauge Theory
In a 2+1D Z2 lattice gauge theory, string breaking happens only at specific resonances set by field strength and matter mass, while long strings can dynamically form closed electric loops analogous to glueballs.
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Euclidean-Monte-Carlo-informed ground-state preparation for quantum simulation of scalar field theory
A classical pipeline turns Euclidean Monte Carlo correlation data into a variational ansatz and an efficient quantum circuit for the (1+1)D phi^4 ground state.
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A hybrid annealer-assisted Metropolis-Hastings method samples 2D lattice phi^4 theory, yet the claimed speedup is not benchmarked against the exact digitized heatbath baseline.
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