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arxiv 1905.02175 v4 pith:NOH26SHK submitted 2019-05-06 stat.ML cs.CRcs.CVcs.LG

Adversarial Examples Are Not Bugs, They Are Features

classification stat.ML cs.CRcs.CVcs.LG
keywords featuresadversarialexamplesdataexistenceattentionattractedattributed
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal T4 reserved
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Adversarial examples have attracted significant attention in machine learning, but the reasons for their existence and pervasiveness remain unclear. We demonstrate that adversarial examples can be directly attributed to the presence of non-robust features: features derived from patterns in the data distribution that are highly predictive, yet brittle and incomprehensible to humans. After capturing these features within a theoretical framework, we establish their widespread existence in standard datasets. Finally, we present a simple setting where we can rigorously tie the phenomena we observe in practice to a misalignment between the (human-specified) notion of robustness and the inherent geometry of the data.

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