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Astrophysical Axion Bounds: The 2024 Edition
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We review the current status of astrophysical bounds on QCD axions, primarily based on the observational effects of nonstandard energy losses on stars, including black-hole superradiance. Over the past few years, many of the traditional arguments have been reexamined both theoretically and using modern data and new ideas have been put forth. This compact review updates similar Lecture Notes written by one of us in 2006 [Lect. Notes Phys. 741 (2008) 51-71].
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Cited by 35 Pith papers
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Cooling the Shock: New Supernova Constraints on Dark Photons
Resonant dark photon production in the gain layer of a core-collapse supernova can quench the neutrino-driven shock revival, yielding constraints that supersede the SN1987A cooling bound for masses around 0.1-0.4 MeV.
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Amnesia in the Axion Misalignment Landscape
Kinetic misalignment fragmentation drives the small-scale axion spectrum toward the same attractor as post-inflationary axions, largely erasing the memory of the initial misalignment angle and velocity.
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Gravitational Wave Scattering on Magnetic Fields
In a 3D treatment of the inverse Gertsenshtein effect, an isotropic unpolarized gravitational wave background scattering off a dipolar magnetic field yields partially linearly polarized radio emission, with peak inten...
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Measuring the electric dipole moment of the neutron using neutron star spin-down
The thesis derives a conditional 90% limit |d_n| < 4.42e-25 e cm from the spin-down budget of PSR J0437-4715 via an effective magnetic-quadrupole channel, the first astrophysical bound of this kind.
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Isochrone fitting of Galactic globular clusters - IX. Tip of the red-giant branch for 27 clusters and constraints on new particle physics
No anomalous energy loss is seen in the red-giant tips of 27 globular clusters, yielding g_ae < 3.8e-14 at 95% confidence, the strongest bound for axion-electron coupling below about 1 keV.
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MeV Electrophilic Axion-like Particles from Sun
MeV axion-like particles could be made when 5.5 MeV solar fusion photons Compton-scatter off electrons; current LZ, PandaX-4T and Borexino data would then constrain g_ae to (1.7-3.7)e-6 in the 0.4-1 MeV window.
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Expanding Ejecta Method: I. Mapping Supernova Morphology with Intensity Interferometry
The expanding ejecta method extracts supernova morphology and angular diameter distance from spectrally resolved intensity interferometry, forecasting ~2% distance precision for a magnitude-12 Type IIP supernova in 60 hours.
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Probing Light Particles With Optically Trapped Sensors Through Nucleon Scattering
Optically trapped nanosphere arrays could detect nuclear recoils from solar ALPs, sub-keV pseudoscalar/vector dark matter, and Earth-bound dark matter, opening new tabletop search windows in previously unconstrained p...
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Analysis of axion-like particles in a top-quark pair production at the CLIC
A simulation shows the CLIC gamma-gamma mode could exclude ALP-top couplings down to about 0.11 TeV^-1 for ALP masses near 10 GeV.
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In-flight positron annihilation as a probe of feebly interacting particles
In-flight annihilation of positrons produced by supernova feebly interacting particles gives the strongest astrophysical bounds on their electron couplings for masses of roughly 10-200 MeV, covering ALPs, sterile neut...
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Properties of QCD axion in two-flavor color superconductive matter with massive quarks
In a two-flavor NJL model with chiral and diquark condensates, the axion mass and quartic coupling increase at the chiral phase transition when color superconductivity is present.
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Axion misalignment with memory-burdened PBH
Axion dark matter parameter space shifts dramatically when kinetic misalignment and memory-burdened primordial black hole evaporation are combined.
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Time-delayed gamma-ray signatures of heavy axions from core-collapse supernovae
No gamma-ray excess from four supernovae in Fermi-LAT data yields the strongest constraints yet on MeV-to-GeV heavy axions coupled to both QED and QCD.
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A comprehensive study of ALPs from $B$-decays
The paper derives the complete two-loop flavor-changing coupling of axion-like particles to b and s quarks and uses it to set updated limits on f_a in KSVZ, DFSZ and Flaxion models.
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Direct Deflection of Millicharged Radiation
A future superconducting radio-frequency cavity experiment could detect relativistic millicharged particles by picking up the tiny currents their plasma induces in a nearby shielded cavity.
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Axion-induced pair production: a new strategy for axion detection
Axion-induced pair production in a nuclear electric field is the dominant detection channel for axions above roughly 10 MeV and substantially improves projected supernova axion sensitivities.
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Heating the dark matter halo with dark radiation from supernovae
Even a few parts per million of supernova energy emitted as dark radiation could transform cuspy dwarf dark matter halos into cored ones, and observed core sizes bound how much energy can go to new particles.
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Using $\Delta N_{\rm eff}$ to constrain preferred axion model dark matter
In preferred axion models with slow heavy-quark decays, axions produced after decoupling form dark radiation that can exceed Planck's ΔNeff bound, excluding much of the parameter space of models D and E.
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Determining the minimal mass of a proto-neutron star with chirally constrained nuclear equations of state
For chirally constrained nuclear equations of state, the minimal proto-neutron star mass is about 0.62 solar masses with trapped neutrinos (YL=0.4, s=1) and about 0.22 solar masses after deleptonization (s=2).
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Reappraisal of the Constraints on Heavy Axion-like Particles from Gamma-Ray Bursts
Realistic GRB parameters weaken previous ALP cooling bounds, but ALP-induced secondary fireballs in GRBs could still be probed via isotropic X-ray emission from future telescopes.
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ALP and $Z^\prime$ boson at the Electron-Ion collider
Projected EIC tri-electron searches would constrain electron-coupled ALPs and Z' bosons more strongly than current experiments at masses of about 10-100 GeV and 10-30 GeV, respectively.
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Dark Matter Capture in Supernovae Modifies Dark Photon Cooling Bounds
Asymmetric dark matter captured in SN progenitors can form a 'dark photosphere' that traps dark photons and reopens SN1987A-excluded parameter space.
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Axion Quality Problem: Keep Calm and Baryon
The QCD axion can be the Goldstone boson of baryon number in a minimal N_c=N_f supersymmetric QCD sector, with PQ-breaking effects suppressed by dimension N_c+2 operators.
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Can Orbital Decay of Accreting Binary Pulsars Probe Dark Matter?
Dark matter accretion onto binary pulsars is far too weak to affect observed orbital decay, so existing pulsar timing data cannot probe dark matter microphysics.
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Impact of First-order Electroweak Phase Transition on QCD Axion
A temporary axion mass spike during a first-order electroweak phase transition can make the QCD axion dark matter over a wide range of decay constants without a tuned initial angle.
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NuSTAR bounds on radiatively decaying particles from M82
NuSTAR's non-detection of an X-ray halo from decaying axions around M82 excludes a previously allowed window of axion-photon coupling for 30-500 keV axion masses.
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Hunting axion dark matter with anti-ferromagnets: a case study with nickel oxide
Axion dark matter with meV-scale masses could be absorbed by magnons in nickel oxide, producing both resonant and broadband detection channels.
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Effective Equation of State Oscillations at Matter-Radiation Equality and Primordial Gravitational Waves
An exponentially deformed R^2 gravity model is claimed to produce total equation-of-state oscillations near z~3400 that enhance the primordial gravitational wave spectrum at LiteBIRD frequencies.
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Axion-like particle constraints from preSN in future experiments
Using existing ALP flux models for Betelgeuse, the author projects that upcoming MeV missions could discover axion-like particles in a coupling region beyond current limits.
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Fresh look at the diffuse ALP background from supernovae
Adding pion conversion to the diffuse supernova ALP background tightens the Fermi-LAT bound on the ALP-photon coupling to about 2e-13 GeV^-1 for ultralight ALPs, and SN 1987A remains roughly ten times stronger.
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Blazar Boosted ALP and vector portal Dark matter confronting light mediator searches
Blazar-boosted dark matter scattering in Super-Kamiokande can exclude previously unconstrained parameter space for ALP- and vector-mediated sub-MeV dark matter, beating BaBar, NA64, beam dump, and stellar cooling limi...
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Axions at the meV Crossroads: Theory, Cosmology, Astrophysics, and Experiments
The meV axion window is presented as a coherent, cross-validated search program in which string theory, stellar cooling, dark matter, and new detector concepts converge on the same mass range.
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Disordered But Rhythmic: the role of intrinsic protein disorder in eukaryotic circadian timing
The abstract reviews protein disorder in circadian timing, but the attached full text is a different arXiv paper (2508.18491) on supernova axions, making the submission internally inconsistent.
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Experiments to test the hypothesis for solar and dark matter axions
This is a pedagogical review of haloscope and helioscope experiments searching for dark matter and solar axions, with an overview of near-future technological developments.
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Lecture Notes: WISPs in gamma-ray astrophysics
The paper is a pedagogical review of axion-like particle searches in gamma-ray astrophysics, with tutorial derivations and a notebook-based analysis of NGC 1275, and it contains no new research result.
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