Pith. sign in

REVIEW 25 cited by

Carbontracker: Tracking and Predicting the Carbon Footprint of Training Deep Learning Models

Not yet reviewed by Pith; the record is open.

This paper has not been read by Pith yet. Machine review is queued; the pith claim, tier, and objections will appear here once it completes.

SPECIMEN: schema-true, not a live event

T0 review · schema-true

One-sentence machine reading of the paper's core claim.

pith:XXXXXXXX · record.json · timestamp

arxiv 2007.03051 v1 pith:QXKKS7QR submitted 2020-07-06 cs.CY cs.LGeess.SPstat.ML

classification cs.CYcs.LGeess.SPstat.ML
keywords carbonfootprinttrainingcarbontrackerdeepenergylearningmodels
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal

Signed reviews

No signed human review yet.

0 comments
read the original abstract

Deep learning (DL) can achieve impressive results across a wide variety of tasks, but this often comes at the cost of training models for extensive periods on specialized hardware accelerators. This energy-intensive workload has seen immense growth in recent years. Machine learning (ML) may become a significant contributor to climate change if this exponential trend continues. If practitioners are aware of their energy and carbon footprint, then they may actively take steps to reduce it whenever possible. In this work, we present Carbontracker, a tool for tracking and predicting the energy and carbon footprint of training DL models. We propose that energy and carbon footprint of model development and training is reported alongside performance metrics using tools like Carbontracker. We hope this will promote responsible computing in ML and encourage research into energy-efficient deep neural networks.

Discussion (0). Continue with ORCID to comment.

Forward citations

Cited by 25 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. OpenAlex reports about 115 citations worldwide. Full citation record

  1. Towards Sustainability Model Cards

    cs.CY 2025-07 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    A YAML-based DSL and validating parser, Sustainability Model Cards, formalizes ML sustainability reporting across training, inference, and platform dimensions, extending the Model Cards initiative.

  2. Towards Decentralized and Sustainable Foundation Model Training with the Edge

    cs.LG 2025-07 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    Idle edge devices could cut foundation-model training carbon by an estimated 4-8x versus a cloud GPU, based on small-scale energy measurements and lifecycle accounting.

  3. Non-Markovianity and memory enhancement in Quantum Reservoir Computing

    quant-ph 2025-05 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    Non-Markovian quantum reservoir computers can revive memory of past inputs, while Markovian reservoirs are claimed to obey an exponential memory decay bound.

  4. Towards Sustainable NLP: Insights from Benchmarking Inference Energy in Large Language Models

    cs.CL 2025-02 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    A broad benchmark shows LLM inference energy scales with output length and response time, while batch size, quantization, and prompt phrasing can reduce it.

  5. How Green Can AI Be? A Study of Trends in Machine Learning Environmental Impacts

    cs.LG 2024-12 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    Training large AI models has become exponentially more energy-intensive and environmentally impactful since 2012, and efficiency gains and greener electricity alone cannot offset this growth.

  6. Language Models in Software Development Tasks: An Experimental Analysis of Energy and Accuracy

    cs.SE 2024-11 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    Larger language models do not reliably deliver higher accuracy on software tasks, and quantized large models can outperform full-precision medium models on energy and accuracy together.

  7. Is Locational Marginal Price All You Need for Locational Marginal Emission?

    eess.SY 2024-11 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    Under a uniqueness assumption, LME is a unique function of LMP, computable from pre-computed critical regions of the security-constrained economic dispatch problem.

  8. Robustness of transferability estimation metrics for medical imaging

    eess.IV 2026-08 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    Transferability estimation metric rankings in medical imaging are unstable to target resampling and to the evaluation metric used for the reference ranking.

  9. Keyword Matters: Unveiling the Energy Sensitivity of On-Device LLM Prompting

    cs.AI 2026-05 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    On-device LLMs use measurably different amounts of energy depending on the prompt verb, but the effect is mostly a side-effect of response length and is inconsistent across models.

  10. HAFM: Hierarchical Autoregressive Foundation Model for Music Accompaniment Generation

    cs.SD 2026-04 unverdicted novelty 5.0 of 10

    HAFM uses a hierarchical autoregressive model with dual-rate HuBERT and EnCodec tokens to generate coherent instrumental music from vocals, achieving FAD 2.08 on MUSDB18 while matching prior systems with fewer parameters.

  11. Energy and Quality of Surrogate-Assisted Search Algorithms: a First Analysis

    cs.NE 2025-08 unverdicted novelty 5.0 of 10

    A first empirical study of the energy consumption of surrogate-assisted particle swarm optimization, proposing energy and surrogate accuracy as evaluation axes.

  12. Calculating Software's Energy Use and Carbon Emissions: A Survey of the State of Art, Challenges, and the Way Ahead

    cs.SE 2025-06 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    A structured survey of 21 software energy and carbon calculation tools, organized as Monitoring, Estimation, or Black-Box approaches, with a component-wise comparison and a list of open challenges.

  13. Diffused Responsibility: Analyzing the Energy Consumption of Generative Text-to-Audio Diffusion Models

    eess.AS 2025-05 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    Inference energy of seven text-to-audio diffusion models grows linearly with denoising steps, while quality saturates, so the best quality-per-energy settings use 10 to 50 steps.

  14. YINYANG-ALIGN: Benchmarking Contradictory Objectives and Proposing Multi-Objective Optimization based DPO for Text-to-Image Alignment

    cs.AI 2025-02 reject novelty 5.0 of 10

    Introduces a six-axis contradictory-objective benchmark and a weighted DPO variant (CAO), but the claimed balanced alignment rests on evaluations that reuse the training objectives.

  15. Learning in Log-Domain: Subthreshold Analog AI Accelerator Based on Stochastic Gradient Descent

    cs.AR 2025-01 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    The paper maps SGD with L2 regularization into continuous-time differential equations and implements them with subthreshold log-domain circuits, simulating a single node and a linear regression with under 1% error ver...

  16. Spend More to Save More (SM2): An Energy-Aware Implementation of Successive Halving for Sustainable Hyperparameter Optimization

    cs.LG 2024-12 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    SM2 is an energy-aware successive halving optimizer that selects batch size and learning rate using GPU energy per epoch and cyclical learning-rate exploration, cutting HPO energy by 8% to 47% in three test scenarios.

  17. Towards Sustainable Artificial Intelligence: A Comprehensive Review and Comparative Analysis of Deep Learning Models' Carbon Footprint

    cs.AI 2026-08 conditional novelty 4.0 of 10

    On a CPU-based CIFAR-10 benchmark, training accounts for nearly all carbon emissions, and more complex models do not yield proportionally higher accuracy.

  18. A Discrepancy-Based Perspective on Dataset Condensation

    cs.LG 2025-09 conditional novelty 4.0 of 10

    Dataset condensation is reframed as minimizing distribution discrepancies, and existing methods are sorted into a taxonomy; no new algorithm or experiments are provided.

  19. Performance is not All You Need: Sustainability Considerations for Algorithms

    cs.CV 2025-08 reject novelty 4.0 of 10

    The paper introduces FMS and ASC, composite sustainability scores that fuse accuracy and energy consumption, and evaluates them on multiple vision tasks.

  20. Quantifying the Energy Consumption and Carbon Emissions of LLM Inference via Simulations

    cs.DC 2025-07 conditional novelty 4.0 of 10

    A simulation framework couples an LLM inference simulator with a GPU power model and an energy-grid co-simulator to estimate energy and carbon emissions across deployment configurations.

  21. Greening AI-enabled Systems with Software Engineering: A Research Agenda for Environmentally Sustainable AI Practices

    cs.SE 2025-06 accept novelty 4.0 of 10

    A 29-participant workshop synthesized a research agenda for reducing AI's environmental footprint through software engineering, covering measurement, benchmarking, architecture, empirical methods, and education.

  22. Beyond Accuracy: EcoL2 Metric for Sustainable Neural PDE Solvers

    cs.LG 2025-05 conditional novelty 4.0 of 10

    EcoL2 combines relative error with lifecycle carbon emissions into one score, and experiments show it exposes large carbon differences among neural PDE solvers with similar accuracy.

  23. RESQUE: Quantifying Estimator to Task and Distribution Shift for Sustainable Model Reusability

    cs.LG 2024-12 conditional novelty 4.0 of 10

    RESQUE is a single index, computed from representation angles or cluster-label agreement, that correlates with measured retraining cost, energy, and carbon emissions across several vision models and datasets.

  24. Federated Learning in Mobile Networks: A Comprehensive Case Study on Traffic Forecasting

    cs.LG 2024-12 conditional novelty 4.0 of 10

    On a Barcelona LTE dataset, federated LSTM training matches or beats centralized and per-base-station training for traffic forecasting and scores best on a hand-weighted sustainability metric.

  25. Optimization Strategies for Enhancing Resource Efficiency in Transformers & Large Language Models

    cs.LG 2025-01 reject novelty 3.0 of 10

    The paper reports energy and accuracy trade-offs for LLM compression methods, but its proposed optimization equation is marred by an internal formula error.

Pith tools