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Primordial black hole constraints with Hawking radiation -- a review
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abstract
Primordial black holes are under intense scrutiny since the detection of gravitational waves from mergers of solar-mass black holes in 2015. More recently, the development of numerical tools and the precision observational data have rekindled the effort to constrain the black hole abundance in the lower mass range, that is $M < 10^{23}$g. In particular, primordial black holes of asteroid mass $M \sim 10^{17}-10^{23}\,$g may represent 100\% of dark matter. While the microlensing and stellar disruption constraints on their abundance have been relieved, Hawking radiation of these black holes seems to be the only detection (and constraining) mean. Hawking radiation constraints on primordial black holes date back to the first papers by Hawking. Black holes evaporating in the early universe may have generated the baryon asymmetry, modified big bang nucleosynthesis, distorted the cosmic microwave background, or produced cosmological backgrounds of stable particles such as photons and neutrinos. At the end of their lifetime, exploding primordial black holes would produce high energy cosmic rays that would provide invaluable access to the physics at energies up to the Planck scale. In this review, we describe the main principles of Hawking radiation, which lie at the border of general relativity, quantum mechanics and statistical physics. We then present an up-to-date status of the different constraints on primordial black holes that rely on the evaporation phenomenon, and give, where relevant, prospects for future work. In particular, non-standard black holes and emission of beyond the Standard Model degrees of freedom is currently a hot subject.
Forward citations
Cited by 14 Pith papers
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Exact, non-singular black holes from a phantom DBI Field as primordial dark matter
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Boosting the optical depth to Thomson scattering with primordial black hole evaporation at high redshift
A monochromatic primordial black hole population can raise the CMB optical depth by at most Delta tau ~ 0.008 under current CMB data, leaving BAO-CMB tensions essentially unchanged.
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Universality in quasinormal modes of a magnetized black hole
A critical scalar field charge in a magnetized black hole produces universal QNM power-law scaling with exponent ~1/2, marking a confined-to-deconfined transition.
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Universality in quasinormal modes of a magnetized black hole
For charged scalar perturbations of an Ernst-Schwarzschild black hole, the quasinormal-mode frequency scales as |q - q_c|^{1/2} near a critical charge q_c, with a mode-independent exponent.
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Revisiting PBH accretion, evaporation and their cosmological consequences
Relativistic accretion onto Kerr primordial black holes gives roughly 4.5x mass growth and fast spin-down, strengthening BBN bounds, lowering the survival mass to ~2.7e14 g, and erasing the high-frequency stochastic g...
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Molecular clouds constraints on sub-GeV DM and asteroid-mass PBHs
Molecular-cloud ionization yields competitive constraints on sub-GeV dark matter annihilation/decay and on asteroid-mass primordial black holes, particularly for PBHs above 10^16 g.
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Electromagnetic Signatures From Primordial Black Holes in the Solar System
Calculations indicate AMEGO-X could detect PBH transits within 0.1 AU while HAWC and LHAASO could observe explosions out to 0.1-0.5 pc, with future events at ~1000 AU potentially producing measurable electromagnetic s...
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Electromagnetic Signatures From Primordial Black Holes in the Solar System
Calculations show AMEGO-X could detect PBH transits within 0.1 AU of Earth while HAWC and LHAASO could see explosions out to 0.1-0.5 pc, with future 1000 AU bursts potentially yielding measurable EM signals unlike the...
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Inflaton Accretion onto Primordial Black Holes During Reheating
Inflaton accretion during reheating drives non-linear PBH mass growth that extends lifetimes and amplifies emitted SGWB by multiple orders of magnitude.
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Memory burden effect of regular primordial black holes
Combining regular black hole metrics with memory burden suppresses evaporation and opens a 10^6-10^8 g PBH mass window that can comprise all dark matter.
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Self-resonance preheating in deformed attractor models: oscillon formation and evolution
Deformed alpha-attractor T-models with a Gaussian feature near the minimum yield more smaller shorter-lived oscillons during self-resonance preheating, suppressing energy in oscillons and altering the high-frequency g...
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Constraints on Primordial Black Holes from Galactic Diffuse Synchrotron Emissions
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Evaporation of Primordial Black Holes in a Thermal Universe: A Thermofield Dynamics Approach
Thermal bath corrections derived via thermofield dynamics enhance the evaporation rate of primordial black holes, shortening their lifetimes relative to zero-temperature calculations.
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Constraining primordial black holes and primordial curvature power spectrum with extragalactic muon neutrino
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