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Towards Faster Non-Asymptotic Convergence for Diffusion-Based Generative Models

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arxiv 2306.09251 v3 pith:T6R4HAX6 submitted 2023-06-15 stat.ML cs.ITcs.LGmath.ITmath.STstat.TH

classification stat.MLcs.ITcs.LGmath.ITmath.STstat.TH
keywords convergencedatadiffusionsamplermodelsnon-asymptotictheorygeneration
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abstract

Diffusion models, which convert noise into new data instances by learning to reverse a Markov diffusion process, have become a cornerstone in contemporary generative modeling. While their practical power has now been widely recognized, the theoretical underpinnings remain far from mature. In this work, we develop a suite of non-asymptotic theory towards understanding the data generation process of diffusion models in discrete time, assuming access to $\ell_2$-accurate estimates of the (Stein) score functions. For a popular deterministic sampler (based on the probability flow ODE), we establish a convergence rate proportional to $1/T$ (with $T$ the total number of steps), improving upon past results; for another mainstream stochastic sampler (i.e., a type of the denoising diffusion probabilistic model), we derive a convergence rate proportional to $1/\sqrt{T}$, matching the state-of-the-art theory. Imposing only minimal assumptions on the target data distribution (e.g., no smoothness assumption is imposed), our results characterize how $\ell_2$ score estimation errors affect the quality of the data generation processes. In contrast to prior works, our theory is developed based on an elementary yet versatile non-asymptotic approach without resorting to toolboxes for SDEs and ODEs. Further, we design two accelerated variants, improving the convergence to $1/T^2$ for the ODE-based sampler and $1/T$ for the DDPM-type sampler, which might be of independent theoretical and empirical interest.

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Cited by 13 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. Full citation record

  1. Denoising growth complexity: Data geometry and certified schedules for diffusion sampling

    math.ST 2026-07 accept novelty 8.0 of 10

    A new measure, the denoising growth complexity, provides local KL error bounds for Euler diffusion samplers and yields certified, geometry-adaptive schedules.

  2. Low-dimensional adaptation of diffusion models: Convergence in total variation

    stat.ML 2025-01 conditional novelty 8.0 of 10

    Under exact score functions and a covering-number notion of intrinsic dimension, DDIM and DDPM reach TV error epsilon in O-tilde(k/epsilon) iterations.

  3. Fast Score-Based Sampling via Log-Concave Reductions

    math.ST 2025-12 conditional novelty 7.0 of 10

    Score-based sampling reduces to a short sequence of strongly log-concave sampling problems, giving √d polylog(1/ε) complexity bounds and logarithmic dependence on the condition number for log-concave targets.

  4. Faster Diffusion Models via Higher-Order Approximation

    cs.LG 2025-06 conditional novelty 7.0 of 10

    A new higher-order ODE sampler for diffusion models is proven to reach ε total-variation accuracy with eO(d^{1+2/K}/ε^{1/K}) iterations under mild assumptions.

  5. Convergence Of Consistency Model With Multistep Sampling Under General Data Assumptions

    cs.LG 2025-05 conditional novelty 7.0 of 10

    Consistency models with approximate self-consistency converge to the data distribution in Wasserstein distance under mild data assumptions, with a provable improvement from a second sampling step.

  6. HYVINT: Intensity-Driven Hypergraph Generation with Variational Embeddings

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    HYVINT introduces an intensity-driven incidence mechanism and tractable variational estimator for hypergraph generation, with error bounds and empirical gains in fidelity, novelty, and diversity.

  7. Light Forcing: Accelerating Autoregressive Video Diffusion via Sparse Attention

    cs.CV 2026-02 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    Sparse attention with chunk-aware sparsity growth and hierarchical frame/block selection accelerates autoregressive video diffusion at ~1.3x with VBench quality on par with dense attention.

  8. Provable Diffusion Posterior Sampling for Bayesian Inversion

    stat.ML 2025-12 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    A diffusion posterior sampler using Monte Carlo Langevin score estimation and warm start is proven to converge in Wasserstein-2 distance under semi-log-concavity and sub-Gaussian assumptions, and outperforms DPS/TV on...

  9. Fast Convergence for High-Order ODE Solvers in Diffusion Probabilistic Models

    cs.LG 2025-06 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    A TV convergence bound O(d^{7/4} ε^{1/2} + d(dH)^p) is proved for p-th order (exponential) Runge-Kutta samplers of probability-flow ODEs under C² smoothness of the learned score.

  10. Learning Single Index Models with Diffusion Priors

    cs.LG 2025-05 reject novelty 6.0 of 10

    A method called SIM-DMIS recovers signals from single index model measurements in about 150 neural function evaluations by starting diffusion model inversion at an intermediate time matched to the measurement noise level.

  11. On the Feature Learning in Diffusion Models

    stat.ML 2024-12 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    Diffusion models learn signal and noise features in proportion to n times the SNR squared, while classifiers sharply switch between the two.

  12. A Unified Kullback--Leibler Divergence Analysis of Generative Diffusion Models via Entropy Production Rate

    math.NA 2026-08 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    Diffusion model generation error is decomposed through an entropy-production-rate identity that claims O(h²) Euler–Maruyama KL bounds and unifies score SDE, PF-ODE, flow matching, and stochastic interpolant analyses.

  13. Non-asymptotic convergence bound of conditional diffusion models

    stat.ML 2025-08 conditional novelty 4.0 of 10

    CARD's generated conditional distribution is shown to converge in Wasserstein distance to the true conditional distribution, with a separate score-estimation error bound controlled by network resolution and distributi...

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