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Building up spacetime with quantum entanglement
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In this essay based on 0907.2939, we argue that the emergence of classically connected spacetimes is intimately related to the quantum entanglement of degrees of freedom in a non-perturbative description of quantum gravity. Disentangling the degrees of freedom associated with two regions of spacetime results in these regions pulling apart and pinching off from each other in a way that can be quantified by standard measures of entanglement.
Forward citations
Cited by 48 Pith papers
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Selecting Complex Extremal Surfaces with the Kontsevich--Segal--Witten Criterion
In AdS3, dS3, and AdS4 hyperbolic examples, the Kontsevich-Segal-Witten criterion uniquely selects a three-piece complex contour for timelike extremal surfaces, while timelike strips in AdS4 violate the criterion near...
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When does a state-dependent proto-area define a bulk geometry?
Derives criteria for when state-dependent proto-area two-jets in approximate holographic codes are compatible with metric two-jets, including polyhedral realizations, X-ray transform tangent spaces, and quadratic obst...
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The Holographic Multi-Entropy Cone
Holographic multi-entropy vectors form a rational polyhedral cone; its n=3,4 facets yield seven fundamental multi-entropy inequality orbits, with ordinary HEC facets arising as convex combinations of HMEC facets.
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Higher-spin composites and emergent AdS$_3$ geometry in the $(1+1)$-dimensional Gross-Neveu model
The paper proposes that condensate competition in the 2d Gross-Neveu model generates an emergent AdS₃ bulk, a higher-spin tower, D1-branes, and linearized Einstein gravity with G₃ = ℓ_AdS/4πN².
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Relational entanglement entropies and quantum reference frames in gauge theories
Quantum reference frames built from Wilson lines give lattice gauge theories gauge-invariant subsystem factorizations and a hierarchy of relational entanglement entropies.
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Holography and Causality in the Karch-Randall Braneworld
A consistent quantization of bulk matter in the symmetric two-brane Karch-Randall setup gives a causal low-energy intermediate description, with any possible causality violation confined to the UV.
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A Nonperturbative Toolkit for Quantum Gravity
A shell-state resolution of the identity, an infinite-overcompleteness limit, and geometric surgery are claimed to prove fine-grained factorization of the two-sided gravitational thermal partition function.
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Minimax surfaces and the holographic entropy cone
Stable minimax surfaces are shown to be HRT surfaces, the entanglement wedge is the smallest minimax homology region, and a cooperating time-sheet configuration would prove the equality of RT and HRT entropy cones.
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More on the upper bound of holographic n-partite information
The upper bound of holographic conditional mutual information equals twice the entanglement of state-constrained purification and diverges in the many-interval limit, revealing abundant multipartite entanglement.
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The negativity contour: a quasi-local measure of entanglement for mixed states
The authors define a computable negativity contour via a derivative of logarithmic negativity, verify it against a Gaussian ansatz, and apply it to Fermi surfaces, holographic non-Fermi liquids, and thermalization.
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The Speed of Quantum Information Spreading in Chaotic Systems
For chaotic systems with initial entanglement fraction f, quantum information spreads at speed v_E(f)/(1-f), interpolating between the entanglement speed at f=0 and the butterfly speed at f=1.
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Falling through the horizon of a quantum black hole
Gravitational dressing in JT gravity lets an infalling Unruh-DeWitt detector detect the horizon location and temperature locally, violating the equivalence principle without a firewall.
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Linear Growth of Holographic Time-like Entanglement Entropy and Kasner exponents
Late-time TEE growth in asymptotically AdS black holes with space-like singularities is governed by a critical extremal surface inside the horizon, with real/imaginary growth rates bounded by Schwarzschild-AdS under e...
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A Holographic Map from AdS$_3$ to CFT$_2$
Semiclassical pure AdS3 gravity states, labelled by fixed-area geodesic networks, are mapped to CFT2 primary states whose wavefunctions are networks of OPE coefficients.
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Analytic HTEE in Moving Plasmas and Its Transition
Analytic holographic timelike entanglement entropy for a boosted BTZ black hole, with a critical boost separating complex and real extremal-geodesic branches.
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Timelike Entanglement First Law and Linearized Field Equations in Higher Curvature Gravity
Timelike entanglement first law holds in Lovelock gravity about AdS, with both entropy and modular Hamiltonian variations carrying the same coupling factor that renormalizes Newton's constant in the linearized equations.
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Holography and Kinematic Space for Gravitational Sub-regions in AdS
The paper proposes a kinematic space for any subregion of vacuum AdS, whose geodesic 'PEE threads' uniformly cover the subregion and yield tensor-network models that reproduce Ryu-Takayanagi entropy and realize surfac...
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Probing holographic conformal field theories
In a holographic CFT on a cylinder, a qutrit Unruh-DeWitt detector harvests more mana when the dual bulk scalar uses standard (Δ+) quantization than alternate (Δ−) quantization.
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Universality of pseudoentropy for deformed spheres in dS/CFT
The quadratic shape-deformation correction to pseudoentropy in dS/CFT is controlled by the analytically continued stress-tensor coefficient C_T, making the sphere a local extremum across Einstein and quadratic-curvatu...
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Entanglement first law for timelike entanglement entropy and linearized Einstein's equation
For timelike boundary regions, the entanglement first law ΔS = Δ⟨H⟩ is equivalent, by the paper's proof, to the linearized Einstein equations around AdS.
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Tensor renormalization group approach to entanglement entropy
A tensor renormalization group algorithm computes entanglement entropy for arbitrary single-interval subsystems and reproduces c=0.49997(8) in the 2D Ising model.
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Spacetime Density Matrix: Formalism and Properties
The paper constructs a spacetime generalization of the density matrix whose full moments are time-independent but whose reduced moments become nontrivial, coupling-sensitive probes of subsystem dynamics.
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Entanglement measures for causally connected subregions and holography
Timelike separated subregions admit a transition-operator entropy, a complexified RT surface, and a timelike entanglement wedge cross section that equals half the analytically continued reflected entropy in AdS3/CFT2.
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Evaporating universes
A toy model using four-dimensional Brill-Lindquist wormholes reproduces the Page curve for black hole evaporation and shows Hawking-radiation decoding complexity falls to polynomial at late times.
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A revision to the QES prescription
The paper proposes a weighted-sum revision of the quantum extremal surface formula, but the weight is assumed rather than derived.
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It from ETH: Multi-interval Entanglement and Replica Wormholes from Large-$c$ BCFT Ensemble
The RT formula for entanglement in AdS3/CFT2, including phase transitions and multi-interval vacuum entropies, is derived from an assumed large-c ensemble of (B)CFT data, under the 'It from ETH' paradigm.
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Upper bound of holographic entanglement entropy combinations
The authors derive upper bounds for large families of holographic entanglement entropy combinations by fixing the connectivity of entanglement wedges and classifying gap regions.
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The Mechanism behind the Information Encoding for Islands
Island information is encoded in the bath because island operators are gravitationally dressed to the bath via the massive-graviton Stückelberg field, realized as Wilson lines in the Karch-Randall braneworld.
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Boundary imprint of bulk causality
Boundary hyperboloids formed by bulk lightcones satisfy a quadratic tangency condition equivalent to the null geodesic equation of an emergent bulk conformal metric.
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Entanglement Entropy of Mixed State in Thermal CFT$_2$
The paper derives the entanglement entropy of two disjoint intervals in a thermal 2D conformal field theory, identifies its holographic dual as an entanglement wedge cross section in a BTZ black hole, and shows this c...
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Traversable wormhole for string, but not for particle
A two-parameter NS-NS wormhole background admits chiral string solutions that cross the singular boundary surfaces that particles and ordinary strings cannot.
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Renormalized AdS gravity and holographic entanglement entropy of even-dimensional CFTs
Kounterterm renormalization is extended to even-dimensional holographic CFTs, yielding a universal entanglement entropy formula whose logarithmic coefficient reproduces the type A central charge.
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Spacetime structure near generic horizons and soft hair
A family of horizon boundary conditions labeled by s yields BMS-like algebras with spin-s supertranslations, while another choice gives a non-linear Heisenberg-like algebra whose generators build the BMS-like ones.
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Time dependence of complexity for Lovelock black holes
For Lovelock black holes, the Complexity=Action growth rate at late times is a coupling-independent multiple of the mass, and the Schwarzschild limit is recovered only up to a constant under the authors' boundary-term...
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Entanglement and geometric transitions in topological string theory
Open-string anyonic entanglement on entanglement branes equals gravitational replica entropy of the dual closed-string Calabi–Yau via geometric transitions in the A-model TQFT.
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Renormalized pseudoentropy in dS/CFT
Renormalized holographic pseudoentropy in dS/CFT is constructed from conformal-gravity actions in four and six dimensions, yielding finite sphere values and Mezei-like shape dependence for small deformations.
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Delay-Independent Stability of Nonlinear Delay Differential Equations via Isospectral Reduction
Claims a delay-independent global exponential stability criterion for a broad class of nonlinear nonautonomous delay differential equations using isospectral reduction of an associated sequence of matrices.
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On the Underlying Nonrelativistic Nature of Relativistic Holography
Standard AdS/CFT duality is reinterpreted as D-brane/black-brane duality in nonrelativistic D3-brane theory, with AdS5×S5 as a relativistic bubble in flat 3-Newton-Cartan geometry.
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Black Hole Multi-Entropy Curves
For a Haar-random model of an evaporating black hole, the q-partite Renyi multi-entropy of the black hole plus q-1 radiation subsystems peaks at a multi-entropy time later than the Page time and does not vanish at com...
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Realization of "ER=EPR"
The authors extract the BTZ wormhole metric and its Bekenstein-Hawking entropy from the disjoint entanglement entropy of a thermofield double state.
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Non-Locality induces Isometry and Factorisation in Holography
State-averaged wormhole corrections make the Gram matrix of time-shifted thermofield double microstates low-rank, giving a finite black hole Hilbert space of dimension e^{S_BH} and a type I von Neumann algebra.
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Quantum Gravity from Fractal Entanglement Geometry
An entanglement graph is posited to generate a fractal spacetime whose stochastic geodesics yield quantum mechanics and whose evolving metric yields gravity.
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Signature change as phase transition in holography
Entangled holographic states below the Hawking-Page temperature stay classically connected through Euclidean spacetime regions, extending ER-EPR to cases where Lorentzian wormholes are unstable.
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Measuring the Black Hole Interior from the Exterior
An exterior observer can infer black hole interior RT surface areas from spacelike entanglement data via the relation between timelike and spacelike entanglement entropy.
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Relational Quantum Dynamics (RQD): An Informational Ontology
RQD claims that observer-relative facts, emergent time, entanglement-built space, integrated information, and decoherence together dissolve quantum paradoxes, but it offers no formal derivation.
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Duality and entanglement in lattice gauge theories
The continuum entropic c-function of the 2+1 dimensional Z2 gauge theory is reported to show a power-law short-distance regime and an exponential large-distance decay, with a crossover near l m_g = 1.
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Emergent Holographic Spacetime from Quantum Information
Takayanagi's essay outlines a research program in which holographic spacetime, including the time direction, may emerge from entanglement, complexity, and complex-valued pseudo-entropy, without presenting a new derivation.
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Reflections on Virasoro circuit complexity and Berry phase
A claimed identification of Virasoro circuit complexity with the Berry connection fails a basic consistency check for pure rotations.
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