Optical engineering and detection of magnetism in moir\'e semiconductors

We present a general framework for optically inducing, controlling, and probing spin states in moir\'e systems. In particular, we demonstrate that applying Raman optical drives to moir\'e transition metal dichalcogenide bilayers can realize a class of spin models, with magnetic interactions tunable via the optical parameters. The resulting interaction anisotropy, controlled by the polarizations of the drives, enables access to magnetic states that are inaccessible in undriven moir\'e bilayers. Furthermore, we establish direct connections between the resulting spin correlations and experimentally observable optical signals. Our work paves the way for future studies on the optical control and detection on strongly correlated quantum systems.