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Lectures on Instanton Counting
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abstract
These notes have two parts. The first is a study of Nekrasov's deformed partition functions $Z(\ve_1,\ve_2,\vec{a};\q,\vec{\tau})$ of N=2 SUSY Yang-Mills theories, which are generating functions of the integration in the equivariant cohomology over the moduli spaces of instantons on $\mathbb R^4$. The second is review of geometry of the Seiberg-Witten curves and the geometric engineering of the gauge theory, which are physical backgrounds of Nekrasov's partition functions. The first part is continuation of math.AG/0306198, where we identified the Seiberg-Witten prepotential with $Z(0,0,\vec{a};\q,0)$. We put higher Casimir operators to the partition function and clarify their relation to the Seiberg-Witten $u$-plane. We also determine the coefficients of $\ve_1\ve_2$ and $(\ve_1^2+\ve_2^2)/3$ (the genus 1 part) of the partition function, which coincide with two measure factors $A$, $B$ appeared in the $u$-plane integral. The proof is based on the blowup equation which we derived in the previous paper.
Forward citations
Cited by 9 Pith papers
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Instantons on the Blown-up Surface and the Affine Vertex Algebra
Rank-r instanton cohomology on the blow-up of a surface is shown to assemble into basic representations of the affine Lie algebra gl_r, confirming the Vafa–Witten prediction.
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Instanton slices and their superpolynomials
Motivic superpolynomials of plane-curve singularities are repackaged as "instanton slice" counts, conjecturally matching new DAHA superpolynomials that are claimed to produce superpolynomials for hyperbolic knots.
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Blowing-up the edge: connection formulae and stability chart of the Lam\'e equation
The paper derives the resummed Nekrasov-Shatashvili free energy from blow-up equations and uses it to compute the band-gap structure, connection formulas, and stability chart of the Lamé equation.
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Defects, nested instantons and comet shaped quivers
Proposes comet-shaped quiver gauge theories for surface defects with nested instantons in 4D gauge theories on T^2 × T*C_{g,k} and gives conjectural explicit formulae for the virtual equivariant elliptic genus of bund...
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BPS Invariants for Generalized Toric Calabi-Yau Threefolds
Gopakumar–Vafa invariants are transported across Hanany–Witten transitions after removing a universal parallel-brane sector, giving first-time high-degree invariants for local dP4.
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Refined Vafa-Witten invariants for toric surfaces from supersymmetric localization in 5D gauge theory
5D N=1* supersymmetric localization on toric surfaces equals refined Vafa–Witten invariants for odd first Chern class; the even-c1 case fails without a hand-added constant.
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(1,k) CFT and RH problem with the c=-2 case
For (1,k) Virasoro models, periodic vertex operators plus two degenerate fields solve a modified Riemann–Hilbert problem; in the k=2, c=-2 case the solution is explicit and satisfies new bilinear identities.
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Refined Painlev\'e/gauge theory correspondence and quantum tau functions
Strong-coupling expansions of N=2 SU(2) partition functions in general Omega-background are derived from quantum Painlevé equations obtained via C2/Z2 blowup relations, and match refined holomorphic anomaly and irregu...
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Gauge Origami and BPS/CFT correspondence
The gauge origami partition function on C4 is realized as a correlation function of BPS qq-character operators, with D6 and D8 characters labeled by plane and solid partitions.
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