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The LSST Dark Energy Science Collaboration (DESC) Science Requirements Document
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The Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST) Dark Energy Science Collaboration (DESC) will use five cosmological probes: galaxy clusters, large scale structure, supernovae, strong lensing, and weak lensing. This Science Requirements Document (SRD) quantifies the expected dark energy constraining power of these probes individually and together, with conservative assumptions about analysis methodology and follow-up observational resources based on our current understanding and the expected evolution within the field in the coming years. We then define requirements on analysis pipelines that will enable us to achieve our goal of carrying out a dark energy analysis consistent with the Dark Energy Task Force definition of a Stage IV dark energy experiment. This is achieved through a forecasting process that incorporates the flowdown to detailed requirements on multiple sources of systematic uncertainty. Future versions of this document will include evolution in our software capabilities and analysis plans along with updates to the LSST survey strategy.
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Cited by 49 Pith papers
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Shear-kSZ: A New Estimator for the Matter-Electron Power Spectrum from kSZ Tomography and Weak Lensing
Shear–kSZ correlates kSZ, tomographic line-of-sight velocity, and lensing convergence to measure P_me(k) and thereby the baryonic matter-power suppression S(k) at high forecast significance.
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Primordial Physics in the Nonlinear Universe: Revealing the oscillating halo bias from cosmological collider models
A binning-based IC method yields the first N-body measurements of oscillating halo bias from cosmological collider bispectra, with mass- and assembly-dependent phases fit by peak-background-split theory.
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Optimal and exact wide-angle power spectrum estimation
For finite-rank signals the optimal wide-angle estimator is the two-ℓ Yamamoto form, whose exact window is a finite FFT-computable sum that improves ultra-large-scale SNR by O(1).
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First Constraints from Marked Angular Power Spectra with Subaru Hyper Suprime-Cam Survey First-Year Data
Marked angular power spectra applied to HSC-Y1 weak lensing data yield S8 = 0.807 ± 0.024, about 43 percent tighter than standard power spectra.
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KiDS-1000: Detection of deviations from a purely cold dark matter power spectrum with tomographic weak gravitational lensing
A tomographic lensing reconstruction of the matter power spectrum from KiDS-1000 finds no growth of structure between z≈0.7 and 0.4, while a low-S8 cold dark matter model fits the average data.
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Accurate method for ultralight axion CMB and matter power spectra
AxiECAMB computes CMB and matter power spectra for ultralight axions across 10^-33 to 10^-18 eV by time-averaging fast field oscillations, with metric and fluid matching that reduces errors far below cosmic variance f...
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Direct shear $\times$ kSZ correlation: controlling baryons without modeling galaxies
A shear×velocity kSZ template cross-correlated with the CMB is forecast to measure the electron–matter power spectrum to few-percent (ACT/SO) or sub-percent (CMB-HD) precision.
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Cosmic Pairs: A DESI Census of Dual and Offset AGN as Precursors to Massive Black Hole Binaries
DESI DR1 spectroscopy yields >7,000 candidate dual-AGN pairs, expanding the known kpc-scale census by ~4x and linking host-galaxy demographics to LISA-detectable massive black hole mergers.
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Cosmological evolution with decaying dark matter: an integral-equation approach
CLASSIER-DDM evaluates generic two-body decaying dark matter perturbations via iterative integral equations at O(0.1%) accuracy and O(1 min) cost without a Boltzmann hierarchy or fluid approximation.
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Unveiling dark energy properties with high-sensitivity cross-correlations of neutral hydrogen intensity mapping and galaxy surveys
In simulations, foreground-cleaned 21 cm hydrogen–galaxy cross-power spectra recover the dynamical dark energy parameters (w0, wa) without bias when galaxy redshift bins are narrow.
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Neural Posterior Estimation for Inferring Weak Lensing Shear
Neural posterior estimation recovers accurate, well-calibrated constant-shear posteriors from simulated multiband images that include blending, variable PSFs, stars, and detector artifacts.
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KiDS-Legacy: The consistency test of the large-scale structure with Bernardeau-Nishimichi-Taruya transform
BNT k-cuts on KiDS-Legacy give S8=0.798±0.045 (theory covariance) with no nonlinear bias, while observed-data covariance produces a mild low-k preference for lower S8.
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Cosmological Concordance in an Especially Opaque Universe: A Tentative Cosmological Detection of Physical Neutrino Mass in $\Lambda$CDM
Imposing a high prior on τ = 0.11 ± 0.006 produces a 2σ positive neutrino mass sum of 0.10 eV and restores concordance between CMB and DESI data inside ΛCDM.
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D$_4$CNN$\times$AnaCal: Physics-Informed Machine Learning for Accurate and Precise Weak Lensing Shear Estimation
A D4-equivariant CNN calibrated with analytic gradients measures weak-lensing shear from isolated-galaxy simulations with sub-0.1% multiplicative bias and ~10% lower shape noise than FPFS.
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AS-Bridge: A Bidirectional Generative Framework Bridging Next-Generation Astronomical Surveys
A Brownian-bridge diffusion model learns probabilistic LSST↔Euclid image translation on simulations and uses reconstruction inconsistency to detect strong lenses.
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Cosmological gravity on all scales V: MCMC forecasts combining large scale structure and CMB lensing for binned phenomenological modified gravity
Emulation of binned modified gravity power spectra to <1% accuracy enables MCMC forecasts that constrain μ and η via LSST large-scale structure combined with CMB lensing, with best sensitivity along the lensing combination Σ.
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Investigating the Dark Energy Constraint from Strongly Lensed AGN at LSST-Scale
A simulated sample of 800 LSST lensed AGN, analyzed with a new hierarchical time-delay inference code, is forecast to yield ~2.5% H0 precision and a dark-energy figure of merit of 6.7 in w0waCDM.
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Dark Energy Survey Year 6 Results: Redshift Calibration of the Weak Lensing Source Galaxies
DES Y6 weak lensing source galaxies now have calibrated redshift distributions with mean-redshift uncertainties 0.008–0.024, built from SOMPZ + clustering-redshift + blending corrections.
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Photometric Redshift Estimation for Rubin Observatory Data Preview 1 with Redshift Assessment Infrastructure Layers (RAIL)
Machine-learning photo-z codes on Rubin DP1 reach sigma_NMAD ~ 0.03 and ~12% outliers on bright galaxies; Euclid NIR helps at z > 1.2.
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Deep-Field Analytical Calibration
Deep-field AnaCal computes shear responses from deep-field images rather than adding noise to wide-field images, meeting LSST bias requirements while raising effective galaxy density from 17 to 30 arcmin^-2.
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Forecasting the Impact of Source Galaxy Photometric Redshift Uncertainties on the LSST $3\times2$pt Analysis
A Fisher forecast code for LSST 3x2pt and cosmic shear shows photo-z parameter marginalization inflates contours 2 to 6 times, and maps the most impactful photo-z parameters for each cosmological parameter.
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A Reassessment of the Pantheon+ and DES 5YR Calibration Uncertainties: Dovekie
A new open-source cross-calibration of 11 supernova surveys cuts the photometric systematic on the dark-energy parameter w by about 1.5x for Pantheon+ and shows small calibration shifts can be amplified in distances.
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Rapid and accurate numerical evolution of linear cosmological perturbations with non-cold relics
CLASSIER computes cosmological perturbation spectra with non-cold relics using iterated integral equations and non-uniform fast Fourier transforms, matching a converged Boltzmann hierarchy to <0.01% in the matter powe...
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The Intracluster Light of Abell 3667: Unveiling an Optical Bridge in LSST Precursor Data
A ~400 kpc low-surface-brightness optical bridge connects the two brightest galaxies in Abell 3667, consistent with a recent first-pass merger.
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Imprints of Large-Scale Structures in the Anisotropies of the Cosmological Gravitational Wave Background
The cosmological gravitational wave background is predicted to cross-correlate with galaxy positions through the late integrated Sachs-Wolfe effect, giving a source-discrimination handle and a forecast improvement of ...
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ZTF SN Ia DR2: Improved SN Ia colors through expanded dimensionality with SALT3+
An expanded SALT3+ light-curve model with a second intrinsic parameter x2 reveals coherent color and spectral variability in Type Ia supernovae, improving color precision but not altering current cosmology.
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Searching for coupled, hyperlight scalars across cosmic history
Hyperlight quadratically coupled scalars making up a few percent of dark matter are bounded to near- or sub-gravitational couplings to electrons and photons over 10^-31 to 10^-28 eV, with quasar spectra setting the st...
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Discovering Strong Gravitational Lenses in the Dark Energy Survey with Interactive Machine Learning and Crowd-sourced Inspection with Space Warps
A Vision Transformer trained with interactive multi-class feedback and checked by citizen scientists finds 1,328 strong lens candidates in DES Year 6 data, including 147 new systems.
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On the equivalence between galaxy angular correlation function and power spectrum in constraining primordial non-Gaussianity
Scale cuts break the equivalence between the galaxy angular power spectrum and the angular correlation function for primordial non-Gaussianity, with the correlation function retaining fNL information on surprisingly s...
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Redshift tomography of the kinematic matter dipole
Redshift bin edges create a Doppler-boost boundary term in the kinematic matter dipole that can match or reverse the standard Ellis-Baldwin signal.
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Galaxy Clustering with LSST: Effects of Number Count Bias from Blending
Blending in LSST-like image simulations biases galaxy redshift distributions and suppresses small-scale clustering beyond 3 sigma, yet leaves inferred Omega_m and galaxy bias on fiducial linear scales statistically unchanged.
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Accurate Shear Estimation with Fourth-Order Moments
A fourth-order moment extension of the FPFS shear estimator achieves sub-percent bias accuracy and, when combined with the second-order estimator, reduces shape noise by about 35 percent for isolated galaxies in simulations.
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Bridge the Cosmological Tensions with Thawing Gravity
Thawing Gravity, a scalar-tensor theory with a non-minimally coupled scalar field, fits the full cosmological dataset better than LambdaCDM and yields H0=71.78+/-0.86 and S8=0.793+/-0.012.
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Development of an unbiased cosmic shear estimator measured on galaxy images
A new cosmic shear estimator shears the weight function instead of the image and derives an analytic noise-bias correction, but the noise-bias correction for the response is not yet complete.
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Background-level reconstruction of scalar-field potentials from dark-energy histories and comparison with analytic potential families
A background reconstruction maps prescribed ρ_de(z) histories to V(φ) and ranks analytic potentials by Bayesian evidence, with exponential preferred for CPL and shifted-tanh for sign-switching targets.
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Fisher Forecasting for the DESC with $\texttt{Augur}$
Augur is a validated DESC Fisher-forecasting pipeline whose Y1/Y10 3x2pt constraints match nested sampling and external forecast codes when derivative step sizes and redshift sampling are chosen in a stable regime.
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The Goldstone Awakens: Unimodular dark energy in scale-invariant $R^2$ gravity
In a scale-invariant R² + unimodular-gravity model, the Goldstone boson of scale symmetry becomes thawing dark energy, with its equation of state fixed by the same coupling that sets the inflationary spectral tilt.
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Low-redshift constraints on structure growth from CMB lensing tomography
Low-redshift galaxy clustering and CMB lensing tomography with hybrid effective field theory gives S8=0.79±0.06, consistent with Planck, while data alone prefer Ωm=0.245±0.024.
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Fishing for the Optimal Roman High Latitude Time Domain Survey: Cosmological Constraints for 1,000 Possible Surveys
A Fisher-matrix study of 1,000 Roman HLTDS designs finds that roughly 20% prism, 30-40% wide imaging, and the rest deep imaging is the most promising allocation, and releases covariance matrices.
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Massless limit of massive self-interacting vector fields
For massive Proca fields with quartic self-interaction, the massless limit is not smooth: classical hyperbolicity loss persists at arbitrarily small mass, and the Vainshtein mechanism does not restore unitarity at sca...
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Scalar field dark energy models: Current and forecast constraints
Combining BAO, CMB, weak lensing, supernova, and strong-lensing data, the authors infer w0 = -0.904 +/- 0.034 for thawing scalar-field dark energy, 2.9 sigma from LCDM.
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Neutrino Mass Constraints from kSZ Tomography
kSZ tomography will add little to neutrino mass constraints from Stage IV surveys unless the kSZ optical depth degeneracy is broken.
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TiDES: The 4MOST Time Domain Extragalactic Survey
TiDES simulations forecast over 140,000 cosmologically useful type Ia supernovae and a statistical-only dark energy equation-of-state constraint roughly 10 times tighter than DES-SN5YR.
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Mitigating Nonlinear Systematics in Weak Lensing Surveys: The Bernardeau-Nishimichi-Taruya Approach
The BNT transform of cosmic shear data makes ℓ-space cuts behave like k-space cuts, reducing nonlinear scale leakage and preserving unbiased S8 constraints in Euclid-like forecasts.
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Improving cosmological constraints via galaxy intrinsic alignment in full-shape analysis
A Fisher forecast shows that adding full-shape intrinsic alignment information to galaxy clustering tightens cosmological constraints, particularly for dark energy and non-flat modified-gravity models.
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The Status of Single Scalar Field Dark Energy
Cosmological data can constrain only a handful of EFT parameters for single-scalar dark energy; extended models show modest preference over Λ but remain underdetermined and challenged by fifth forces and screening.
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Cosmology with HI Intensity Mapping
SKAO HI intensity mapping forecasts yield competitive LambdaCDM constraints (e.g. H0 to ~0.3 km/s/Mpc optimistic) via power spectrum, BAO, bispectrum and stacking, complementary to CMB and optical surveys.
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Reconstructing the shape of the non-linear matter power spectrum using CMB lensing and cosmic shear
A joint ACT DR6 + DES Y3 analysis reconstructs the non-linear matter power spectrum in five k-bins and finds marginal, roughly 2 sigma evidence for scale-dependent suppression that baryonic feedback or ultralight axio...
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Assessing the growth of structure over cosmic time with CMB lensing
CMB lensing auto-spectra from Planck, ACT, and SPT agree with the LambdaCDM growth prediction, suggesting the S8 tension comes from low redshift or small scales.
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