The Les Houches Accord PDFs (LHAPDF) and Lhaglue

D.Bourilkov; M.R.Whalley; R.C.Group

REVIEW

The Les Houches Accord PDFs (LHAPDF) and Lhaglue

M.R.Whalley, D.Bourilkov, R.C.Group

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Submitted 9 Aug 2005 · 22 references

Pith's verdict: A concrete, honest user note for LHAPDF 4.1 and LHAGLUE, whose one load-bearing claim — functional equivalence to PDFLIB — is asserted rather than demonstrated.

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T1 Audit Automatic checks that the references and files the paper relies on exist and match.
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T4 Proof Those claims proved, and the proof checked by computer.

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arXiv IDhep-ph/0508110 (version 1)

Pith IDRXZEW5WN, Pith's permanent record of this paper and its review

CitationD.Bourilkov, M.R.Whalley, R.C.Group. "The Les Houches Accord PDFs (LHAPDF) and Lhaglue." arXiv:hep-ph/0508110 (2005). https://pith.science/paper/RXZEW5WN

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Claim paper

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Editor's note

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Short version: this is the LHAPDF 4.1 user note plus the LHAGLUE shim, and it is concrete and useful. But the sentence everyone will quote, that LHAPDF is now 'a functional replacement for PDFLIB' (abstract:s0), is asserted rather than shown, and the numbers behind it sit in a note in preparation by the same three authors (ref. [22]). Read it as documentation, not as a validation paper, and it holds up fine; read it as a validation paper and it does not close the loop it opens in Section 1.5. The genuinely new content is design, and it is good design. Parameter files are kept separate from compiled code, so adding a set does not mean rebuilding the library. The 'set' abstraction makes 20 to 40 member error families usable at all, which is the stated reason PDFLIB had to go. And the dual .LHpdf/.LHgrid path lets legacy grid sets in without the roughly 2 s per member initialisation cost that made V1 painful. That is real engineering, and it is why the thing took over. Tables 1 to 5 are the strongest part. The flavour enumeration, the LHAGLUE control switches, and the three invocation modes (standalone, PYTHIA via MSTP(51)/(52), HERWIG via AUTPDF/MODPDF) are specific enough that you can wire the library in from this document alone. The code is downloadable, version-pinned at 4.1, and mirrored in GENSER. The soft spot is Section 1.5: 'tested extensively at TEVATRON and LHC energies ... give us confidence in the consistency.' No ratios, no tables, no tolerance. Footnote 1 does acknowledge up to about 0.5% disagreement with the MRST authors' own code at heavy-quark thresholds, and credit to them for putting it in writing, but it is a footnote, it is a discrepancy rather than an agreement, and the main text does not carry it forward. The deeper problem is that no tolerance is stated anywhere, so 'functional replacement' cannot be checked by a reader: 0.5% is nothing for a total cross section and possibly material near a threshold or inside an uncertainty band. On the stress-test's secondary point I would push back. Tables 3 and 4 do carry a type column and the notes say the g-type files are .LHgrid, which is the fast path; the bold-equals-.LHpdf convention is easy to miss, but the information is there. That is a sentence to add, not a flaw. Who it is for: users, generator maintainers, and anyone writing the software citation. Engage with it and cite it. If it were going to a journal I would want either the comparison numbers in a table or the abstract softened to 'drop-in replacement interface' rather than an equivalence claim.

Referee report

Significance

If the claim holds, the significance is high and practical: LHAPDF is the mechanism by which the LHC Monte Carlo chain (PYTHIA, HERWIG) gains access to modern multi-member error PDFs that PDFLIB's compiled-grid design could not accommodate, and the LHAGLUE hooks mean this is achieved without patching generator source. The paper earns credit for several concrete, checkable deliverables rather than assertions: the routine and flavour tables, the explicit control-switch semantics, the three named invocation modes with the exact common-block variables a user must set, the concrete performance datum of roughly 2 seconds per InitPDF call on a 1 GHz machine that motivated the grid-based V2 design, and the distribution of the code through the GENSER subproject of the LHC Computing Grid. It also earns credit for disclosing in footnote 1 a known ~0.5% discrepancy between LHAPDF's MRST output and the MRST authors' own code. What the paper does not supply is the quantitative validation that would make 'functional replacement' a testable statement.

Major objections (3)

[Section 1.5 and abstract:s0] The abstract's headline claim that LHAPDF is 'a functional replacement for PDFLIB' is load-bearing, but the evidence offered for it in Section 1.5 is entirely qualitative: 'tested extensively at TEVATRON and LHC energies ... give us confidence in the consistency of the LHAGLUE interface and the underlying LHAPDF library'. No ratio, table, figure, or tolerance is given, and the quantitative backing is deferred to reference [22], which is listed as 'DB, CG, MRW. Note in preparation.' That note is unpublished and shares authors with this paper, so as written the replacement claim cannot be checked by a reader. A concrete fix within the paper's scope: add a short table of f_i(x,Q) ratios (LHAPDF versus PDFLIB, and LHAPDF versus the fitting groups' own evolution codes) at a handful of representative (x,Q) points spanning the LHC-relevant region, plus PYTHIA and HERWIG cross-section ratios for one or two standard processes, and state the tolerance within which agreement is claimed. If such a table cannot be included here, the claim in the abstract should be softened to describe what is actually demonstrated in this writeup, with the validation cited as forthcoming.
[Footnote 1] Footnote 1 records differences 'up to ~0.5%' between the PDFs produced by LHAPDF for MRST and the MRST authors' code directly, attributed to slight mismatches of grid boundaries at the heavy quark thresholds and deferred to future MRST grids. This is the only quantitative comparison number in the manuscript, it is a discrepancy rather than an agreement, and it sits in a footnote rather than in the main text or in any of the tables. It bears directly on the replacement claim: 0.5% is immaterial for a total cross section but can be material for a differential distribution near a heavy-quark threshold or when the shift is compared against a PDF-uncertainty band of similar size. The authors are to be credited for disclosing it, but the manuscript should state in the main text which observables and which (x,Q) regions are affected, whether the same threshold-boundary issue can arise for the other grid-based sets in Table 3, and what a user should do in the interim.
[Sections 1.3, 1.5 and 1.6] The word 'replacement' implies that an existing PDFLIB user can swap libraries and continue, but the manuscript itself documents two respects in which that is not true, and neither is reflected in the abstract-level claim. First, Section 1.3 and Section 1.5 state that the greatly increased number of sets made it impossible to follow PDFLIB's numbering, so a new LHAGLUE numbering scheme was devised; a user's existing PDF number therefore does not carry over, and Tables 3 and 4 are the only mapping. Second, Section 1.6 states that initialising more than one PDF set concurrently is not yet possible and is the aim of the next release, which constrains mixed beam/target and mixed proton/photon/pion use. A short explicit paragraph listing what PDFLIB functionality is and is not reproduced, and what a migrating user must change, would make the replacement claim precise rather than rhetorical.

Minor objections (7)

[Table 3] The a02m row contains stray closing parentheses ('lo (17), nlo (17), nnlo (17) ) ) g') that appear to be a typesetting error, and the fermi2002 LHAGLUE range '31000-2000' spans 1001 numbers against the 1000 sets quoted in the same row; both should be checked against the distributed set lists.
[Table 3, notes] The note explaining the file-naming convention is ambiguous as written: 'LHAPDF -> PrefixSuffix.LHpdf (type p). Where both p and g are present (p, g) then filename -> PrefixSuffix.LHgrid (type g).' It is not clear whether the extension is determined by the type column, by which files the authors shipped, or by the user's choice, and the following sentence ('the user has the choice of either') suggests the last. A one-sentence restatement would remove the ambiguity.
[Section 1.2] The text explains that V2 added grid files partly to avoid the roughly 2 seconds per InitPDF call incurred by on-the-fly evolution, and that 'for some PDF sets both methods would be available and for others only the latter'. It would help to say which sets in Table 3 are still evolved on the fly and therefore still carry that initialisation cost, since this is the practical criterion by which a user with many members will choose a set.
[Section 1.5] The LHAPARM control switches are described one at a time with their non-default values, but the defaults for LHAPARM(16)-(19) are only implied by the surrounding prose. A compact table giving each switch, its default, and its alternative value would be clearer than the current bullet list, particularly for LHAPARM(17), where the default is described only as 'same as LHAPDF V1/V3'.
[Section 1.2 and Table 1] The evolution code QCDNUM is cited at a specific version (16.12), but no version is given for EVLCTEQ, and the manuscript does not say whether results depend on the evolution-code version. Since the paper's design deliberately exposes the evolution code to the user, stating the EVLCTEQ version and whether it is pinned would be useful.
[Table 1] The entry 'call numberPDF(num)' is described as returning the number of PDF members in the set, but the calling convention (whether num is an output argument, and whether the call must follow InitPDFset) is not stated. One clarifying clause would suffice.
[Footnote 2 and Section 1.1] There are a few genuine typographical errors independent of any text-extraction artifacts: 'vitruality' and 'which should by 0 for an on-shell photon' in footnote 2, and 'the so-call Les Houches Accord PDF' in Section 1.1.

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The paper

The paper claims

LHAPDF is presented as a working replacement for PDFLIB, the long-standing Fortran library of parton density functions, with a look-alike interface that lets PYTHIA and HERWIG switch to it without source changes.

The reading

Parton density functions — the tables that say how likely a quark or gluon is to carry a given fraction of a proton's momentum — were long distributed through a single Fortran library, PDFLIB, with the interpolation grids baked into the compiled code. That arrangement could not absorb the new generation of uncertainty sets, which arrive as twenty to forty closely related members that a simulation has to switch between cheaply. The paper's claim is that LHAPDF, grown out of a proposal at a 2001 workshop and refined through four releases, now stands in PDFLIB's place: it keeps the PDFs as separate data files, loads an entire set in one go, and ships LHAGLUE, a thin shim whose subroutine calls match PDFLIB's closely enough that PYTHIA and HERWIG link against it through their existing hooks. If that holds, the practical consequence is that the LHC simulation chain can adopt the newest fits and their error members without anyone rewriting the event generators. The paper is a status and usage report rather than a measurement, and its evidence for the phrase 'functional replacement' is the statement that comparisons were made, with the numbers deferred to a companion note.

What carries the argument

The load-bearing mechanism is the separation of compiled code from PDF data, combined with the 'set' abstraction and a compatibility shim. In PDFLIB the interpolation grids and routines were effectively one compiled Fortran object; in LHAPDF the code is fixed and each PDF set is a small external file whose contents decide whether the analytic-plus-evolution route or the stored-grid route is used. Because a whole set is initialised at once, switching between the members of an error set carries no re-initialisation cost — the paper notes that the analytic route's initialisation can take around two seconds per member on a 1 GHz machine, which motivated the grid option. LHAGLUE then wraps this behind three subroutines, PDFSET, STRUCTM and STRUCTP, whose signatures mirror PDFLIB's, with control switches in the LHAPARM character array governing path lookup, out-of-range statistics, whether the generator adopts LHAPDF's $alpha_s$, boundary extrapolation versus freezing, and print verbosity. The user links $libLHAPDF.a$ in place of PDFLIB and renames the dummy STRUCTM, STRUCTP and PDFSET stubs exactly as they would for PDFLIB.

Extended reading notes

Core claim

The authors report that LHAPDF has reached the point where it can be called a functional replacement for PDFLIB, and that LHAGLUE supplies PDFLIB look-alike access so that existing Monte Carlo generators such as PYTHIA and HERWIG can use it through their existing PDFLIB hooks with no changes to their source. Two design choices carry that claim. First, the PDFs live in small external parameter or grid files rather than being compiled into the library, so new sets can be added without rebuilding the code; both an analytic-parameter route ('.LHpdf', with evolution performed on request by EVLCTEQ or QCDNUM) and a grid route ('.LHgrid', with the authors' own interpolation code) are supported behind one identical calling sequence. Second, a 'set' is a related collection of PDFs initialised together, which is what makes the multi-member error sets usable — the very thing PDFLIB could not accommodate. The paper records the release history (V1 by Giele in 2002, V2 in March 2004 adding legacy grid sets, V3 in September 2004 adding LHAGLUE plus ZEUS and H1 sets, V4 in March 2005 adding photon and pion PDFs, V4.1 in August 2005 standardising installation), tabulates the proton, pion and photon sets with their LHAGLUE numbers, and states that the interface has been tested at Tevatron and LHC energies for proton PDFs and with HERA examples for photon PDFs.

Load-bearing premise

The load-bearing premise is that LHAPDF's numbers agree with PDFLIB's, and with the generators' own internal PDF codes, closely enough that swapping one for the other changes nothing a physics analysis would notice — a premise the paper supports by assertion and by pointing to a validation note still in preparation, while footnote 1 separately records a known discrepancy of up to about 0.5% between LHAPDF's MRST output and the MRST authors' own code, attributed to grid boundary mismatches at heavy quark thresholds.

Editorial extensions

If this is right

New or revised parton density sets, including the large error ensembles that PDFLIB could not represent, can be distributed as data files and picked up by existing generator installations without recompiling the library.
PYTHIA and HERWIG users obtain the newest fits and their uncertainty members through the same PDF numbering and hook mechanism they already use, so systematic studies of PDF uncertainty become a configuration choice rather than a code change.
Photon and pion PDFs, previously reachable only through PDFLIB, are available on the same footing, which matters for two-photon and pion-induced processes at HERA and the LHC.
Because $alpha_s$ can be taken from LHAPDF and used inside the generator as well, a single consistent coupling runs through the hard matrix element and the parton shower for a given set.
The stated next step is to allow more than one PDF set to be initialised concurrently, which is needed when the two beams are of different particle types or when photon and pion PDFs are mixed in.

Reading between the lines

Editorial extensions of the paper, not claims the author makes directly.

The paper's real test is not whether LHAPDF returns numbers, but whether a physics analysis run end-to-end through LHAPDF reproduces the same cross sections as one run through PDFLIB within the statistical and systematic precision of the measurement — a standard the paper describes as met but does not demonstrate in its own pages.
The design choice to keep analytic parameterisations as a first-class route alongside stored grids means the library is only as trustworthy as the evolution codes it borrows; any disagreement between EVLCTEQ or QCDNUM and a PDF group's own evolution would show up as a set-dependent offset rather than a uniform one, which is the kind of effect a per-set validation table would reveal.
The multi-set abstraction described here anticipates the later practice of treating PDF uncertainty as a first-class nuisance parameter in LHC analyses; the concrete enabler is the cheap switching between members, not the file format itself.

Original abstract

We describe the development of the LHAPDF library from its initial implementation following the Les Houches meeting in 2001 to its present state as a functional replacement for PDFLIB. Brief details are given of how to install and use the library together with the PDF sets available. We also describe LHAGLUE, an add-on PDFLIB look-a-like interface to LHAPDF, which facilitates using LHAPDF with existing Monte Carlo generators such as PYTHIA and HERWIG.

The compiled record

The paper's own sentences, arranged, kept beside the review and separate from it. Each label is drawn from a closed vocabulary; the number beside it is the probability the classifier gave that label. Numbers in the tables are the authors', checked by code. No sentence in this record was written by a model.

Compiled by classifier-1.13-20260917 via OpenRouter, question bank abstract-p1-20260923, 2026-09-23: 1 request, 2,963 input tokens, $0.0001 reported.

What the abstract itself states, as probabilities: claims first 0.05 · states limitation 0.07 · human participants 0.02 · controlled comparison 0.04 · randomized assignment 0.01 · states quantitative result 0.05 · compares with prior results 0.62 · mentions code or data availability 0.67.

The abstract, sentence by sentence

arXiv listing abstract v1. Results and the main claim are underlined; show every role.

We describe the development of the LHAPDF library from its initial implementation following the Les Houches meeting in 2001 to its present state as a functional replacement for PDFLIB. Brief details are given of how to install and use the library together with the PDF sets available. We also describe LHAGLUE, an add-on PDFLIB look-a-like interface to LHAPDF, which facilitates using LHAPDF with existing Monte Carlo generators such as PYTHIA and HERWIG.

background contribution method result interpretation main claim

What the classifier reports for each sentence. The number is the probability it gave the label.
#	sentence	role	the authors' own work	states the main conclusion	strength
s0	We describe the development of the LHAPDF library from its initial implementation following the Les Houches meeting in 2001 to its present state as a functional replacement for PDFLIB.	contribution 0.95	0.68	0.35	asserted 1.00
s1	Brief details are given of how to install and use the library together with the PDF sets available.	method 0.79	0.38	0.05	asserted 0.95
s2	We also describe LHAGLUE, an add-on PDFLIB look-a-like interface to LHAPDF, which facilitates using LHAPDF with existing Monte Carlo generators such as PYTHIA and HERWIG.	contribution 0.98	0.81	0.11	asserted 1.00

What kind of paper the classifier reports this is: method or tool 1.00 · evidence from argument 0.92.

What was examined, and what was not

sources read

arXiv listing abstract v1

not examined

full text
figures and tables
references and citing sentences
relations to other papers

levels run

P abstract

not run

S sections
T body sentences
C citations
R cross-paper relations

Every quoted sentence on this record is the authors'. Every label is from Pith's closed vocabulary, with the probability shown beside it. Every number in the measurements table is the authors', checked by code. Record as JSON

References

Works cited (22)

[22]

DB, CG, MRW. Note in preparation

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[1]

Plothow-Besch, H., Comput. Phys. Commun. 75, 396 (1993)

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[2]

Giele, W. and others, in The QCD/SM working group: Summary report . 2002. Also in preprint hep-ph/0204316

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[3]

Botje, M., QCDNUM version 16.12 (unpublished). Available on http://www.nikhef.nl/ h24/qcdcode/index.html

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[4]

Alekhin, Sergey I., Phys. Rev. D63, 094022 (2001)

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Alekhin, Sergey, Phys. Rev. D68, 014002 (2003)

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[6]

Botje, M., Eur. Phys. J. C14, 285 (2000)

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[7]

Stump, Daniel and others, JHEP 10, 046 (2003)

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Pumplin, J. and others, JHEP 07, 012 (2002)

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Lai, H. L. and others, Eur. Phys. J. C12, 375 (2000)

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[10]

Lai, H. L. and others, Phys. Rev. D55, 1280 (1997)

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[11]

Giele, Walter T. and Keller, Stephane A. and Kosower, David A. (2001)

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Gluck, M. and Reya, E. and V ogt, A., Eur. Phys. J. C5, 461 (1998)

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Adloff, C. and others, Eur. Phys. J. C30, 1 (2003)

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[14]

Martin, A. D. and Roberts, R. G. and Stirling, W. J. and Th orne, R. S., Eur. Phys. J. C39, 155 (2005)

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[15]

Martin, A. D. and Roberts, R. G. and Stirling, W. J. and Th orne, R. S. (2003)

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Martin, A. D. and Roberts, R. G. and Stirling, W. J. and Th orne, R. S., Eur. Phys. J. C28, 455 (2003)

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[17]

Martin, Alan D. and Roberts, R. G. and Stirling, W. J. and Thorne, R. S., Eur. Phys. J. C23, 73 (2002)

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Martin, Alan D. and Roberts, R. G. and Stirling, W. James and Thorne, R. S., Eur. Phys. J. C4, 463 (1998)

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Chekanov, S. and others, Phys. Rev. D67, 012007 (2003)

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Chekanov, S and others, An NLO QCD analysis of inclusive cross-section and jet- prod uction data from the ZEUS experiment - DESY-05-050. (unpublished). Preprint hep-ph/0503274, 2005

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[21]

Bourilkov, Dimitri, Study of parton density function uncertainties with LHAPDF and PYTHIA at LHC (unpublished). Preprint hep-ph/0305126, 2003

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HiggsTools: BSM scalar phenomenology with new versions of HiggsBounds and HiggsSignals
hep-ph 2022-10 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

HiggsBounds and HiggsSignals are rebuilt as one C++ package, HiggsTools, with JSON-encoded search limits, better particle clustering and mass-uncertainty handling, new di-Higgs and doubly charged Higgs searches, and C...
Search for resonant and nonresonant new phenomena in high-mass dilepton final states at $\sqrt{s} = $ 13 TeV
hep-ex 2021-03 accept novelty 5.0 of 10

CMS finds no significant high-mass dilepton excess in 137-140 fb^-1 of 13 TeV data and sets TeV-scale exclusion limits on Z', graviton, dark-matter mediator, contact-interaction, and large-extra-dimension models.
Search for pair production of first-generation scalar leptoquarks at $\sqrt{s} =$ 13 TeV
hep-ex 2018-11 accept novelty 5.0 of 10

No excess over standard-model backgrounds is observed, and first-generation scalar leptoquarks are excluded below 1435 GeV for beta = 1.0 and below 1270 GeV for beta = 0.5 at 95% confidence level.
The SysCalc code: A tool to derive theoretical systematic uncertainties
hep-ph 2018-01 accept novelty 5.0 of 10

SysCalc computes per-event weights for scale, strong-coupling and PDF variations directly from a nominal LHE file, reproducing dedicated samples within statistics and leaving a quantified few-percent bias in the parto...
Medium response in JEWEL and its impact on jet shape observables in heavy ion collisions
hep-ph 2017-07 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

Two documented background-subtraction procedures let JEWEL events with medium recoils be compared to data, and including those recoils reproduces the observed broadening of jet shapes in Pb+Pb collisions.
Parton Distribution Functions, $\alpha_s$ and Heavy-Quark Masses for LHC Run II
hep-ph 2017-01 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

ABMP16 delivers NNLO parton distributions, alpha_s(M_Z) = 0.1147 +/- 0.0008, and MS-bar quark masses m_c = 1.252 GeV, m_b = 3.84 GeV, m_t = 160.9 GeV from a 2860-point global fit.
Towards an automated tool to evaluate the impact of the nuclear modification of the gluon density on quarkonium, D and B meson production in proton-nucleus collisions
hep-ph 2016-10 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

A data-fitted 2-to-2 amplitude, folded with nuclear PDFs, reproduces LHC pPb nuclear modification factors for J/psi, Upsilon and D0 and predicts eta_c suppression.
A comprehensive approach to dark matter studies: exploration of simplified top-philic models
hep-ph 2016-05 accept novelty 5.0 of 10

A four-dimensional scan of simplified top-philic dark matter shows relic density drives most exclusions, direct detection covers the mediator-lighter-than-DM region, and LHC resonance and missing-energy searches are c...
A Critical Appraisal and Evaluation of Modern PDFs
hep-ph 2016-03 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

Differences among LHC parton-distribution predictions come from theory assumptions baked into the fits, not from the data, so averaging PDF sets into PDF4LHC15 hides real discrepancies.
HELAC-Onia 2.0: an upgraded matrix-element and event generator for heavy quarkonium physics
hep-ph 2015-07 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

HELAC-Onia 2.0 adds Pythia 8 and QEDPS shower interfaces, spin-entangled quarkonium decays, scale and PDF reweighting, on-the-fly plotting, and a Python cluster driver to an existing NRQCD amplitude generator.
Measurement of the forward-backward asymmetry of electron and muon pair-production in $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 7 TeV with the ATLAS detector
hep-ex 2015-03 accept novelty 5.0 of 10

Combining electron and muon channels, ATLAS extracts the effective leptonic weak mixing angle sin^2 theta_lept_eff = 0.2308 +/- 0.0012 from the forward-backward asymmetry of Z/gamma* decays, in agreement with the PDG ...
LHAPDF6: parton density access in the LHC precision era
hep-ph 2014-12 accept novelty 5.0 of 10

A C++ re-engineering of the LHAPDF parton-density library removes multi-gigabyte static memory limits, enables unlimited concurrent PDF sets with correct per-set metadata, and migrates 200+ PDF sets to a unified valid...
Search for physics beyond the standard model in dilepton mass spectra in proton-proton collisions at sqrt(s) = 8 TeV
hep-ex 2014-12 accept novelty 5.0 of 10

No deviation from the standard model appears in 8 TeV CMS dimuon and dielectron mass spectra, and the null result sets 95% CL limits excluding Z' bosons below 2.90 TeV and Kaluza-Klein gravitons below 2.73 TeV.
Measurements of differential and double-differential Drell-Yan cross sections in proton-proton collisions at 8 TeV
hep-ex 2014-12 accept novelty 5.0 of 10

CMS measured the Drell-Yan dilepton mass and rapidity spectra at 8 TeV from 15 to 2000 GeV and found agreement with NNLO QCD using CT10 and NNPDF2.1, with uncertainties competitive with PDF uncertainties.
Heavy Majorana Neutrinos from $W\gamma$ Fusion at Hadron Colliders
hep-ph 2014-11 accept novelty 5.0 of 10

Photon-induced W-gamma fusion overtakes Drell-Yan production of a heavy Majorana neutrino near 1 TeV at the 14 TeV LHC and 770 GeV at a 100 TeV collider, extending same-sign dimuon discovery reach to about 1070 GeV wi...
Search for a standard model-like Higgs boson in the mu+ mu- and e+ e- decay channels at the LHC
hep-ex 2014-10 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

CMS observes no Higgs decays to muon or electron pairs at 125 GeV and sets 95% CL upper limits of 7.4 times (muons) and about 3.7e5 times (electrons) the Standard Model rate.
Singlet Majorana fermion dark matter: a comprehensive analysis in effective field theory
hep-ph 2014-07 accept novelty 5.0 of 10

Taking all dimension-5 and 6 operators at once, a singlet Majorana dark matter particle survives current data only near the Z and Higgs resonances and below about 300 GeV, unless a CP-violating Higgs coupling is added.
HATHOR for single top-quark production: Updated predictions and uncertainty estimates for single top-quark production in hadronic collisions
hep-ph 2014-06 accept novelty 5.0 of 10

HATHOR now computes NLO single top-quark cross sections for all three production channels quickly, validated against MCFM to better than one permille.
Very boosted Higgs in gluon fusion
hep-ph 2013-12 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

The transverse-momentum spectrum of a boosted Higgs plus jet breaks the degeneracy between the top-loop and contact-term contributions to gluon fusion, giving indirect access to the Higgs-top coupling.
Measurement of the differential and double-differential Drell-Yan cross sections in proton-proton collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV
hep-ex 2013-10 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

CMS reports differential and first-of-kind double-differential Drell-Yan cross sections in 7 TeV pp collisions, with the Z-peak cross section at 986.4 pb and spectra compared to NNLO QCD using several PDF sets.
Handbook of LHC Higgs Cross Sections: 3. Higgs Properties
hep-ph 2013-07 accept novelty 5.0 of 10

The LHC Higgs Cross Section Working Group's third handbook sets the state-of-the-art Standard Model and MSSM Higgs production and decay predictions at 125-126 GeV with quantified theory uncertainties, and adds a first...
Constraints on the gluon PDF from top quark pair production at hadron colliders
hep-ph 2013-03 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

Including Tevatron and LHC top-pair cross sections in a global NNLO PDF fit reduces the large-x gluon uncertainty by up to 20 percent and improves gluon-fusion predictions for heavy new particles.
Confronting Mueller-Navelet jets in NLL BFKL with LHC experiments at 7 TeV
hep-ph 2013-02 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

At full NLL BFKL accuracy, Mueller-Navelet jets at 7 TeV remain strongly azimuthally correlated and nearly flat in rapidity, and harmonic ratios are proposed as the cleanest BFKL-versus-NLO discriminator.
Measurements of Wgamma and Zgamma production in pp collisions at sqrt{s}= 7 TeV with the ATLAS detector at the LHC
hep-ex 2013-02 accept novelty 5.0 of 10

W-photon and Z-photon production cross sections measured by ATLAS agree with Standard Model predictions, and no new resonances or anomalous gauge couplings appear in 4.6 inverse femtobarns of 7 TeV data.
SusHi: A program for the calculation of Higgs production in gluon fusion and bottom-quark annihilation in the Standard Model and the MSSM
hep-ph 2012-12 accept novelty 5.0 of 10

SusHi packages published QCD and electroweak corrections into one downloadable code that predicts neutral-Higgs production cross sections in the Standard Model and the MSSM, inclusive and differential, with user-selec...
Search for pair production of massive particles decaying into three quarks with the ATLAS detector in sqrt(s) = 7 TeV pp collisions at the LHC
hep-ex 2012-10 accept novelty 5.0 of 10

No excess over Standard Model multijet production is observed, and 95% confidence limits exclude R-parity-violating gluinos below 666 GeV (resolved channel) and below 255 GeV (boosted channel).
New features in version 2 of the fastNLO project
hep-ph 2012-08 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

fastNLO version 2 adds flexible-scale tables and a new table format that let users re-evaluate NLO jet cross sections for arbitrary scale choices without rerunning the full calculation.
t tbar W and t tbar Z Hadroproduction at NLO accuracy in QCD with Parton Shower and Hadronization effects
hep-ph 2012-08 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

Next-to-leading-order QCD predictions for top-pair plus W or Z production at the LHC, matched to parton showers and hadronization, give event counts compatible with CMS 7 TeV data in the dilepton and trilepton channels.
CalcHEP 3.4 for collider physics within and beyond the Standard Model
hep-ph 2012-07 accept novelty 5.0 of 10

CalcHEP 3.4 automates the path from a particle physics Lagrangian to collider cross sections and LHE event files, adding a parallelized batch interface that links production and decay chains.
Anomalous Couplings in Double Higgs Production
hep-ph 2012-05 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

Gluon-fusion double Higgs production at the 14 TeV LHC can probe the non-linear ttbarhh coupling with 300 fb^-1, reaching composite-Higgs parameter space, while the Higgs trilinear coupling remains poorly constrained.
Les Houches 2011: Physics at TeV Colliders New Physics Working Group Report
hep-ph 2012-03 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

The report proposes a Dark Matter Les Houches Agreement file format, extends the Flavour and SUSY accords to dipole moments and see-saw models, and reports new tool modules for automated RGE derivation and model validation.
The Status of GMSB After 1/fb at the LHC
hep-ph 2011-10 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

Reinterpreting 1/fb of LHC data in General Gauge Mediation, the authors map exclusion limits across all NLSP scenarios and identify where current searches are weakest.
Standard Model Higgs boson production in association with a top anti-top pair at NLO with parton showering
hep-ph 2011-08 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

A next-to-leading-order calculation of Higgs-plus-top-pair production is matched to parton showers and hadronization, cross-checked against two earlier NLO calculations, and used to quantify how showering reshapes jet...
VBFNLO: A parton level Monte Carlo for processes with electroweak bosons -- Manual for Version 3.0
hep-ph 2011-07 accept novelty 5.0 of 10

Version 3.0 of the VBFNLO generator adds NLO vector boson scattering processes, a Binoth Les Houches Accord interface, T-matrix unitarization for all dimension-8 operators, and MPI parallelization, documented in a ful...

See all 91 Pith citations

How later papers used it

196 later papers cite it

Evidence: substantial. 195 of the citing papers share no author with it, and 149 of those carry a confident label from Pith's citation classifier.

Pith read 27 of the 233 citing sentences, choosing only those whose citation markers point at this paper alone, and wrote the paraphrases from them. The summary, the counts, the evidence level, the links and the quotes come from code; the summary counts the papers listed below. A later paper is listed under a label when Pith's citation classifier gives one of its sentences that label at probability 0.8 or more (0.95 for support), Pith's reading finds that the citing paper itself did it, and a second check confirms the paraphrase against the sentence. This section lists uses only. It does not list criticism or disagreement, so their absence here says nothing about how the paper has been received. Papers that share an author with this one are listed apart, under "By the same authors". A quote is the citing authors' own sentence, shown when their paper's licence is CC BY, CC BY-SA or CC0. JSON

14 later papers by other authors are listed below: 14 used its method or tool.

Uses its method or tool 14 of 150 papers with this label

To simulate the Lambda production in electron-proton scattering, event generator PYTHIAeRHIC [ref] , a modified version of PYTHIA6.4.28 [ref] , is used with the Parton Distribution Functions (PDFs) input from LHAPDF [ref] .

Lambda polarization at Electron-ion collider in China (2023) · Simulation Framework · 1.00
Used unpolarized PDF input from the LHAPDF library to generate pseudo-data with the PYTHIA-6 Monte Carlo generator.

Photon structure studied at an Electron Ion Collider (2017) · 1.00 · paraphrased: the licence does not allow quoting
Calculated ZZ and WZ cross sections using PDFs from the LHAPDF program, version 5.8.7.

Measurements of the ZZ production cross sections in the 2 l 2 nu channel in proton-proton collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 and 8 TeV and combined constraints on triple gauge couplings (2015) · 0.99 · paraphrased: the licence does not allow quoting
Used the leading order MSTW2008LO68cl parametrization available through the LHAPDF library, version 5.8.4, for its collinear PDFs.

Description of fully differential Drell-Yan pair production (2011) · 0.86 · paraphrased: the licence does not allow quoting
Ran mcfm at NLO using the lhapdf (v5.8.8) interface for four modern NLO PDF sets to examine boson pT distributions and cross-section ratios.

Ratios of $W$ and $Z$ cross sections at large boson $p_T$ as a constraint on PDFs and background to new physics (2013) · 1.00 · paraphrased: the licence does not allow quoting
In the default JEWEL configuration, the jet production matrix elements and initial parton showers are simulated using central EPS09 LO nuclear PDFs (nPDFs) [ref] , based on CTEQ6L1 free proton PDFs [ref] and provided through the LHAPDF5 interface [ref] .

Impact of scale, nuclear PDF and temperature variations on the interpretation of medium-modified jet production data from the LHC (2020) · Nuclear PDFs · 0.94
Obtained PDF uncertainty from the PDF error sets using the LHAPDF library.

Strong coupling constant extraction from high-multiplicity Z+jets observables (2017) · 1.00 · paraphrased: the licence does not allow quoting
To normalize the simulated signal samples to the data, next-to-next-to-leading-order (NNLO) and next-to-next-to-leading-logarithmic (NNLL) soft-gluon resummation cross sections are obtained using the Top++ program (v.2.0) [ref] , with the MSTW2008NNLO68CL PDF set as implemented in the LHAPDF (v.5.9.0) framework [ref] .

Search for vector-like quarks in events with two oppositely charged leptons and jets in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s} =$ 13 TeV (2018) · The CMS detector and event simulation · 0.96
Based its ep event simulation on the PYTHIA eRHIC Monte Carlo program with PDFs input from the LHAPDF library.

Transverse Lambda production at the future Electron-Ion Collider (2021) · 1.00 · paraphrased: the licence does not allow quoting
Used the LHAPDF package of PDFs in its simulation of spectra from Z leptonic decays.

\Delta M_W < 10 MeV/c^2 at the LHC: a forlorn hope? (2010) · 0.99 · paraphrased: the licence does not allow quoting
Used the MSTW2008 parametrization of PDFs implemented in LHAPDF in its computation with factorization and renormalization scales set equal to mh.

Electroweak Symmetry Breaking via QCD (2014) · 0.90 · paraphrased: the licence does not allow quoting
Compared NLO and NNLO predictions for benchmark processes using PDFs available through the current lhapdf V5.8.5 interface.

Parton distribution function dependence of benchmark Standard Model total cross sections at the 7 TeV LHC (2011) · 1.00 · paraphrased: the licence does not allow quoting
Used the MSTW2008NLO PDF set provided in LHAPDF5 in its fit and event generation codes for quarkonium production.

Feasibility studies for quarkonium production at a fixed-target experiment using the LHC proton and lead beams (AFTER@LHC) (2015) · 1.00 · paraphrased: the licence does not allow quoting
Ran Pythia 8.145 with CTEQ6.5 PDFs obtained via LHAPDF for LHC analyses.

Light Stop NLSPs at the Tevatron and LHC (2011) · 1.00 · paraphrased: the licence does not allow quoting

How the literature uses it

196 arXiv papers cite this in 234 sentences

Each citing sentence is taken from the citing paper's LaTeX source and typed by Pith's classifier. A label appears at probability 0.8 or more (0.95 for support), a contest at 0.7 or more; the quoted words are the citing authors'. How each label was checked · JSON

Papers citing it · 58 sentences without a confident label

Uses its method or tool 150 papers

To simulate the Lambda production in electron-proton scattering, event generator PYTHIAeRHIC [ref] , a modified version of PYTHIA6.4.28 [ref] , is used with the Parton Distribution Functions (PDFs) input from LHAPDF [ref] .

Lambda polarization at Electron-ion collider in China · Simulation Framework · 1.00
In this paper, we use pseudo-data generated by the Monte Carlo generator PYTHIA-$6$ [ref] , with the unpolarized PDF input from the LHAPDF library [ref] .

Photon structure studied at an Electron Ion Collider · Monte Carlo Set Up · 1.00
As will be explained below, the tool which we propose is based on HELAC-Onia [ref] (but is not restricted to quarkonia) can use any nPDF set included in the library LHAPDF5 [ref] and LHAPDF6 [ref] and does not rely on any model for the hard-probe production, but on $pp$ measurements which are used to tune the partonic scattering elements.

Towards an automated tool to evaluate the impact of the nuclear modification of the gluon density on quarkonium, D and B meson production in proton-nucleus collisions · Introduction · 0.99

Cites it as background 4 papers

When particle physicists found themselves in a similar situation regarding collider related calculations, they created a series of interfaces that allowed their various tools to communicate with each other [ref] .

Les Houches 2011: Physics at TeV Colliders New Physics Working Group Report · INTRODUCTION · 0.85
Nonetheless, a standard format [ref] was agreed to be used by the community: PDF measurements are presented in grids of values as functions of momentum fraction $x$ of a parton with flavor $a$ and energy scale $Q$; collections of such grids are usually called PDF sets.

PDFFlow: hardware accelerating parton density access · Introduction and motivation · 0.80
Therefore, the first versions of the LHAPDF software [ref] tackled the issue proposing to store only PDF starting values at low $Q^2$ scale and evolving them through the DGLAP equation to reach high energies.

Deep Learning Applications to Particle Physics: from Monte Carlo simulation acceleration to ProtoDUNE reconstruction · LHAPDF: the Les Houches Accord PDF · 0.90

Discussion

Disagree with the review, or know something it missed? Leave a comment, highlight any passage above to comment on it, or challenge this review formally.

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